DP Biology (last assessment 2024)
Question 23M.3.HL.TZ1.19
Date | May 2023 | Marks available | [Maximum mark: 6] | Reference code | 23M.3.HL.TZ1.19 |
Level | HL | Paper | 3 | Time zone | TZ1 |
Command term | Explain | Question number | 19 | Adapted from | N/A |
19.
[Maximum mark: 6]
23M.3.HL.TZ1.19
Explain the role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle.
[6]
Markscheme
- (saprophytic) bacteria decompose the dead remains of plants/animals;
- convert nitrogenous compounds/wastes to ammonia/NH3;
- nitrifying bacteria/Nitrobacter/Nitrosomonas (in the soil) convert ammonia to nitrites/nitrates;
- nitrogen fixation is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia;
- Rhizobium have a mutualistic relationship with the plants;
- (Rhizobium) bacteria in root nodules of legumes/peas/clover/beans fix nitrogen;
- free-living bacteria/Azotobacter in the soil fix nitrogen;
- nitrates absorbed/assimilated/used by plants;
- denitrifying bacteria (in the soil) convert nitrates to nitrogen gas;
Examiners report
The stronger candidates were able to score four or more of the six marks available here. However, there were a large number who had no idea of the role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle and a score of zero was very common. Some knew that there were different types of bacteria but confused nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification.

