Question 19N.2.HL.TZ0.8
Date | November 2019 | Marks available | [Maximum mark: 11] | Reference code | 19N.2.HL.TZ0.8 |
Level | HL | Paper | 2 | Time zone | TZ0 |
Command term | Compare and contrast, Deduce, Describe, Estimate, Show that | Question number | 8 | Adapted from | N/A |
In a classical model of the singly-ionized helium atom, a single electron orbits the nucleus in a circular orbit of radius r.
Show that the speed of the electron with mass , is given by .
[1]
equating centripetal to electrical force to get result ✔

Hence, deduce that the total energy of the electron is given by .
[2]
uses (a)(i) to state OR states ✔
adds « » to get the result ✔

In this model the electron loses energy by emitting electromagnetic waves. Describe the predicted effect of this emission on the orbital radius of the electron.
[2]
the total energy decreases
OR
by reference to ✔
the radius must also decrease ✔
NOTE: Award [0] for an answer concluding that radius increases

The Bohr model for hydrogen can be applied to the singly-ionized helium atom. In this model the radius , in m, of the orbit of the electron is given by where is a positive integer.
Show that the de Broglie wavelength of the electron in the state is m.
The formula for the de Broglie wavelength of a particle is .
[2]
with ✔
OR ✔

Estimate for , the ratio .
State your answer to one significant figure.
[1]
✔
NOTE: Allow ECF from (b)(i)

The description of the electron is different in the Schrodinger theory than in the Bohr model. Compare and contrast the description of the electron according to the Bohr model and to the Schrodinger theory.
[3]
reference to fixed orbits/specific radii OR quantized angular momentum in Bohr model ✔
electron described by a wavefunction/as a wave in Schrödinger model OR as particle in Bohr model ✔
reference to «same» energy levels in both models ✔
reference to «relationship between wavefunction and» probability «of finding an electron in a point» in Schrödinger model ✔
