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Question 19N.2.HL.TZ0.8

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Date November 2019 Marks available [Maximum mark: 11] Reference code 19N.2.HL.TZ0.8
Level HL Paper 2 Time zone TZ0
Command term Compare and contrast, Deduce, Describe, Estimate, Show that Question number 8 Adapted from N/A
8.
[Maximum mark: 11]
19N.2.HL.TZ0.8

In a classical model of the singly-ionized helium atom, a single electron orbits the nucleus in a circular orbit of radius r.

(a(i))

Show that the speed v of the electron with mass m, is given by v=2ke2mr.

[1]

Markscheme

equating centripetal to electrical force 2ke2r2=mv2r to get result ✔

(a(ii))

Hence, deduce that the total energy of the electron is given by ETOT=-ke2r.

[2]

Markscheme

uses (a)(i) to state Ek=ke2r OR states Ep=-2ke2r ✔

adds « ETOT=Ek+Ep=ke2r-2ke2r» to get the result ✔

(a(iii))

In this model the electron loses energy by emitting electromagnetic waves. Describe the predicted effect of this emission on the orbital radius of the electron.

[2]

Markscheme

the total energy decreases
OR
by reference to ETOT=-ke2r ✔

the radius must also decrease ✔

NOTE: Award [0] for an answer concluding that radius increases

The Bohr model for hydrogen can be applied to the singly-ionized helium atom. In this model the radius r, in m, of the orbit of the electron is given by r=2.7×1011×n2 where n is a positive integer.

(b(i))

Show that the de Broglie wavelength λ of the electron in the n=3 state is  λ=5.1×10-10 m.

The formula for the de Broglie wavelength of a particle is λ=hmv.

[2]

Markscheme

with n=3, v=«2×8.99×109×1.6×10-1929.11×10-31×9×2.7×10-11=» 1.44×106«ms-1»

λ=6.63×10-349.11×10-31×1.44×106  OR  λ=5.05×10-10«m»

(b(ii))

Estimate for n=3, the ratio circumference of orbitde Broglie wavelength of electron.

State your answer to one significant figure.

[1]

Markscheme

2πrλ=«2π×9×2.7×10-115.1×10-10=2.99»3 

NOTE: Allow ECF from (b)(i)

(c)

The description of the electron is different in the Schrodinger theory than in the Bohr model. Compare and contrast the description of the electron according to the Bohr model and to the Schrodinger theory.

[3]

Markscheme

reference to fixed orbits/specific radii OR quantized angular momentum in Bohr model ✔

electron described by a wavefunction/as a wave in Schrödinger model OR as particle in Bohr model ✔

reference to «same» energy levels in both models ✔

reference to «relationship between wavefunction and» probability «of finding an electron in a point» in Schrödinger model ✔