Question 23M.2.HL.TZ2.1
| Date | May 2023 | Marks available | [Maximum mark: 12] | Reference code | 23M.2.HL.TZ2.1 |
| Level | HL | Paper | 2 | Time zone | TZ2 |
| Command term | Calculate, Determine, Estimate, Explain | Question number | 1 | Adapted from | N/A |
A toy rocket is made from a plastic bottle that contains some water.
Air is pumped into the vertical bottle until the pressure inside forces water and air out of the bottle. The bottle then travels vertically upwards.
The air–water mixture is called the propellant.
The variation with time of the vertical velocity of the bottle is shown.
The bottle reaches its highest point at time T1 on the graph and returns to the ground at time T2. The bottle then bounces. The motion of the bottle after the bounce is shown as a dashed line.
Estimate, using the graph, the maximum height of the bottle.
[3]
ALTERNATIVE 1
Attempt to count squares ✓
Area of one square found ✓
7.2 «m» (accept 6.4 – 7.4 m) ✓
ALTERNATIVE 2
Uses area equation for either triangle ✓
Correct read offs for estimate of area of triangle ✓
7.2 «m» (accept 6.4 – 7.4) ✓
Estimate the acceleration of the bottle when it is at its maximum height.
[2]
Attempt to calculate gradient of line at t = 1.2 s ✓
«−» 9.8 «m s−2» (accept 9.6 − 10.0)✓
The bottle bounces when it returns to the ground.
Calculate the fraction of the kinetic energy of the bottle that remains after the bounce.
[2]
Attempt to evaluate KE ratio as ✓
« =» 0.20 OR 20 % OR ✓
Accept ± 0.5 velocity values from graph
The mass of the bottle is 27 g and it is in contact with the ground for 85 ms.
Determine the average force exerted by the ground on the bottle. Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
[3]
Attempt to use force = momentum change ÷ time ✓
«= = 4.6»
Force = «4.6 + 0.3» 4.9 «N» ✓
Any answer to 2sf ✓
Accept ± 0.5 velocity values from graph
The maximum height reached by the bottle is greater with an air–water mixture than with only high-pressure air in the bottle.
Assume that the speed at which the propellant leaves the bottle is the same in both cases.
Explain why the bottle reaches a greater maximum height with an air–water mixture.
[2]
Mass «leaving the bottle per second» will be larger for air–water ✓
the momentum change/force is greater ✓
Allow opposite argument for air only