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Question 18N.2.SL.TZ0.1c.i

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Date November 2018 Marks available [Maximum mark: 2] Reference code 18N.2.SL.TZ0.1c.i
Level SL Paper 2 Time zone TZ0
Command term Outline Question number c.i Adapted from N/A
c.i.
[Maximum mark: 2]
18N.2.SL.TZ0.1c.i

Ion-thrust engines can power spacecraft. In this type of engine, ions are created in a chamber and expelled from the spacecraft. The spacecraft is in outer space when the propulsion system is turned on. The spacecraft starts from rest.

The mass of ions ejected each second is 6.6 × 10–6 kg and the speed of each ion is 5.2 × 104 m s–1. The initial total mass of the spacecraft and its fuel is 740 kg. Assume that the ions travel away from the spacecraft parallel to its direction of motion.

In practice, the ions leave the spacecraft at a range of angles as shown.

(c.i)

Outline why the ions are likely to spread out.

[2]

Markscheme

ions have same (sign of) charge ✔

ions repel each other ✔

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