Question 18M.3.SL.TZ1.14
| Date | May 2018 | Marks available | [Maximum mark: 6] | Reference code | 18M.3.SL.TZ1.14 |
| Level | SL | Paper | 3 | Time zone | TZ1 |
| Command term | Predict, Suggest | Question number | 14 | Adapted from | N/A |
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
[Source: climatica.org.uk]
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
[3]
a. (bare ground) colonized by microorganisms/pioneer species
b. thin soil forms from rock fragments/decomposing organisms
c. soil retains water (from melting permafrost/ice)
d. grasses/small plants/herbaceous plants/grow
e. (larger plants) create habitats for animals
f. weather/climate may limit plant size/biodiversity
OR
climax community forms
Suggest how human activities could impact the development of an ecosystem on exposed bare ground.
[3]
a. buildings/roads/walking prevent plant cover/soil development/cause soil erosion
b. may destroy moss/soil organisms / damage emerging vegetation
c. introduce alien species
d. rubbish/solid waste/pollution may impede natural development
e. feces/excrement may contribute to/alter soil development / add fertilizer/pesticides to increase growth of plants
f. sow seeds/planting and so alter diversity
g. irrigation/drainage to affect growth