Directly related questions
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.13b.ii:
Describe how ingested plastics can cause problems to marine birds.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.13b.ii:
Describe how ingested plastics can cause problems to marine birds.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.b.ii:
Describe how ingested plastics can cause problems to marine birds.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14a.ii: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14a.ii: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.a.ii: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.13a.ii: Suggest how entanglement in plastics can lead to the death of marine birds.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.13a.ii: Suggest how entanglement in plastics can lead to the death of marine birds.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.a.ii: Suggest how entanglement in plastics can lead to the death of marine birds.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Distinguish between the distribution of D. tigrina and that of D. coronata.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Distinguish between the distribution of D. tigrina and that of D. coronata.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Distinguish between the distribution of D. tigrina and that of D. coronata.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12d: The diagram shows the realized niches of the five species of warbler. Suggest how the fundamental...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12d: The diagram shows the realized niches of the five species of warbler. Suggest how the fundamental...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.d: The diagram shows the realized niches of the five species of warbler. Suggest how the fundamental...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Calculation of Simpson’s reciprocal diversity index for both rockpools gives the following...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Calculation of Simpson’s reciprocal diversity index for both rockpools gives the following...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Calculation of Simpson’s reciprocal diversity index for both rockpools gives the following...
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.14c:
The graph shows how the number of ant species found on isolated islands near New Guinea depends on the size of the island.
[Source: University of Windsor, The Theory of Island Biogeography. Available at:
http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/biology/macisaac/55-437/lecture9.htm.]Explain the relationship between island size and number of ant species.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.14c:
The graph shows how the number of ant species found on isolated islands near New Guinea depends on the size of the island.
[Source: University of Windsor, The Theory of Island Biogeography. Available at:
http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/biology/macisaac/55-437/lecture9.htm.]Explain the relationship between island size and number of ant species.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.c:
The graph shows how the number of ant species found on isolated islands near New Guinea depends on the size of the island.
[Source: University of Windsor, The Theory of Island Biogeography. Available at:
http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/biology/macisaac/55-437/lecture9.htm.]Explain the relationship between island size and number of ant species.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.15a:
Outline a method that could have been used in this study to measure the numbers of sea urchins per 0.25 m2.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.15a:
Outline a method that could have been used in this study to measure the numbers of sea urchins per 0.25 m2.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.a:
Outline a method that could have been used in this study to measure the numbers of sea urchins per 0.25 m2.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.15c:
Sea urchins are destroying the giant kelp alga (Macrocystis pyrifera) marine forests of South East Australia. Suggest a reason that sea urchins might be an invasive species in this environment.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.15c:
Sea urchins are destroying the giant kelp alga (Macrocystis pyrifera) marine forests of South East Australia. Suggest a reason that sea urchins might be an invasive species in this environment.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.c:
Sea urchins are destroying the giant kelp alga (Macrocystis pyrifera) marine forests of South East Australia. Suggest a reason that sea urchins might be an invasive species in this environment.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.18a: Outline the changes in elk population between the years 1930 and 2004.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.18a: Outline the changes in elk population between the years 1930 and 2004.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.a: Outline the changes in elk population between the years 1930 and 2004.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.13b:
The sea star also eats the sea snails. Construct a food web to show the feeding relationships between these five organisms in the ecosystem.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.13b:
The sea star also eats the sea snails. Construct a food web to show the feeding relationships between these five organisms in the ecosystem.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.b:
The sea star also eats the sea snails. Construct a food web to show the feeding relationships between these five organisms in the ecosystem.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.12c:
Explain how pesticides may undergo biomagnification in the lake.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.12c:
Explain how pesticides may undergo biomagnification in the lake.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.c:
Explain how pesticides may undergo biomagnification in the lake.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14c: Outline how deforestation can affect the richness of biodiversity in an ecosystem.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14c: Outline how deforestation can affect the richness of biodiversity in an ecosystem.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.c: Outline how deforestation can affect the richness of biodiversity in an ecosystem.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Calculate the energy loss due to respiration in primary consumers in kJ m–2 y–1.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Calculate the energy loss due to respiration in primary consumers in kJ m–2 y–1.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Calculate the energy loss due to respiration in primary consumers in kJ m–2 y–1.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: State one reason mammals can continue to survive even if they are extinct in the wild.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: State one reason mammals can continue to survive even if they are extinct in the wild.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.b: State one reason mammals can continue to survive even if they are extinct in the wild.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.13a:
Compare and contrast the effects of the predators on the population of the mussels.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.13a:
Compare and contrast the effects of the predators on the population of the mussels.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.a:
Compare and contrast the effects of the predators on the population of the mussels.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.14d:
Explain the impact of plastic waste on Laysan albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis).
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.14d:
Explain the impact of plastic waste on Laysan albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis).
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.d:
Explain the impact of plastic waste on Laysan albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis).
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Outline why a year is more suitable than a month for the measurement of energy flow.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Outline why a year is more suitable than a month for the measurement of energy flow.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Outline why a year is more suitable than a month for the measurement of energy flow.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: Calculate how many species are classified as endangered due to hunting and trapping.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: Calculate how many species are classified as endangered due to hunting and trapping.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Calculate how many species are classified as endangered due to hunting and trapping.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.15:
Explain reasons for differences in the realized niche and fundamental niche of an organism.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.15:
Explain reasons for differences in the realized niche and fundamental niche of an organism.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14a.iii:
Suggest a method to limit the impact of F. silvestris on native species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14a.iii:
Suggest a method to limit the impact of F. silvestris on native species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.a.iii:
Suggest a method to limit the impact of F. silvestris on native species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14b.i:
State the role of an indicator species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14b.i:
State the role of an indicator species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.b.i:
State the role of an indicator species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14b.ii:
Identify possible approaches to maintain the population of P. sandwichensis.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14b.ii:
Identify possible approaches to maintain the population of P. sandwichensis.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.b.ii:
Identify possible approaches to maintain the population of P. sandwichensis.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.16c:
Outline three issues arising from the release of pollutants into the environment.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.16c:
Outline three issues arising from the release of pollutants into the environment.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.c:
Outline three issues arising from the release of pollutants into the environment.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.17a.i: Define fundamental niche.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.17a.i: Define fundamental niche.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.a.i: Define fundamental niche.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.17a.ii: Outline a reason for organisms seldom occupying their entire fundamental niche.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.17a.ii: Outline a reason for organisms seldom occupying their entire fundamental niche.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.a.ii: Outline a reason for organisms seldom occupying their entire fundamental niche.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.17b:
Describe the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.17b:
Describe the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.b:
Describe the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral species.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15c: Outline how organisms in Group V could be used to measure pollution in an environment.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15c: Outline how organisms in Group V could be used to measure pollution in an environment.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.c: Outline how organisms in Group V could be used to measure pollution in an environment.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13c: Distinguish between richness and evenness as components of biodiversity.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13c: Distinguish between richness and evenness as components of biodiversity.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.c: Distinguish between richness and evenness as components of biodiversity.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.15a: State the trend in temperatures from 1982 to 2014.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.15a: State the trend in temperatures from 1982 to 2014.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.a: State the trend in temperatures from 1982 to 2014.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14c: Outline reasons for controlling invasive plants.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14c: Outline reasons for controlling invasive plants.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.c: Outline reasons for controlling invasive plants.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14c: Outline top-down effects on the bacteria in the four mesocosms.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14c: Outline top-down effects on the bacteria in the four mesocosms.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.c: Outline top-down effects on the bacteria in the four mesocosms.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14a: Each of the mesocosms is an open ecosystem. State the property that makes the mesocosms open...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14a: Each of the mesocosms is an open ecosystem. State the property that makes the mesocosms open...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.a: Each of the mesocosms is an open ecosystem. State the property that makes the mesocosms open...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14b: Assuming that the populations of bacteria are under bottom-up control, identify the mesocosms in...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14b: Assuming that the populations of bacteria are under bottom-up control, identify the mesocosms in...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.b: Assuming that the populations of bacteria are under bottom-up control, identify the mesocosms in...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14d: Suggest advantages of undertaking this experiment in the sea rather than in the laboratory.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14d: Suggest advantages of undertaking this experiment in the sea rather than in the laboratory.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.d: Suggest advantages of undertaking this experiment in the sea rather than in the laboratory.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15a: Identify the group that is most intolerant to pollution.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15a: Identify the group that is most intolerant to pollution.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.a: Identify the group that is most intolerant to pollution.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15b.i: Deduce the meaning of ni in this formula.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15b.i: Deduce the meaning of ni in this formula.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.b.i: Deduce the meaning of ni in this formula.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15b.ii: Deduce the meaning of ai in this formula.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15b.ii: Deduce the meaning of ai in this formula.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.b.ii: Deduce the meaning of ai in this formula.
-
18N.3.SL.TZ0.13a:
State which species could be found in mildly polluted water.
-
18N.3.SL.TZ0.13a:
State which species could be found in mildly polluted water.
-
18N.3.SL.TZ0.a:
State which species could be found in mildly polluted water.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Calculate the increase in mass of a cow given 6 kg of food
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Calculate the increase in mass of a cow given 6 kg of food
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Calculate the increase in mass of a cow given 6 kg of food
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.15b: Deduce the effect of bleaching on corals.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.15b: Deduce the effect of bleaching on corals.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Deduce the effect of bleaching on corals.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13b: State the name given to organisms whose presence or absence reflects an environmental condition.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13b: State the name given to organisms whose presence or absence reflects an environmental condition.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.b: State the name given to organisms whose presence or absence reflects an environmental condition.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13d: Explain how edge effects can influence biodiversity in a region.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13d: Explain how edge effects can influence biodiversity in a region.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.d: Explain how edge effects can influence biodiversity in a region.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14d: Discuss what precautions should be taken before considering biological control of the invasive...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14d: Discuss what precautions should be taken before considering biological control of the invasive...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.d: Discuss what precautions should be taken before considering biological control of the invasive...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.12c: With reference to the data, discuss the farming of salmon for sustainable food production.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.12c: With reference to the data, discuss the farming of salmon for sustainable food production.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.c: With reference to the data, discuss the farming of salmon for sustainable food production.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Calculate how much food would be required to produce 20 kg of boar meat.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Calculate how much food would be required to produce 20 kg of boar meat.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Calculate how much food would be required to produce 20 kg of boar meat.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12a: Determine how far from the forest edge an increase in disturbance-adapted beetles would be detected.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12a: Determine how far from the forest edge an increase in disturbance-adapted beetles would be detected.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.a: Determine how far from the forest edge an increase in disturbance-adapted beetles would be detected.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.13c: Outline the characteristics of keystone species in an ecosystem.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.13c: Outline the characteristics of keystone species in an ecosystem.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.c: Outline the characteristics of keystone species in an ecosystem.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.15b:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.15b:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.b:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.12a:
Outline what is meant by the edge effect.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.12a:
Outline what is meant by the edge effect.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.a:
Outline what is meant by the edge effect.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.8c: Outline the concept of an emergent property.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.8c: Outline the concept of an emergent property.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.c: Outline the concept of an emergent property.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16c.ii: Suggest, with a reason, what factor Y could be.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16c.ii: Suggest, with a reason, what factor Y could be.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.c.ii: Suggest, with a reason, what factor Y could be.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.13b: Outline the impact of competition on the niche of an organism.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.13b: Outline the impact of competition on the niche of an organism.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.b: Outline the impact of competition on the niche of an organism.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.14: Discuss the health consequences and environmental consequences of the use of DDT.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.14: Discuss the health consequences and environmental consequences of the use of DDT.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.15:
Discuss how abiotic factors can affect the distribution of species in an ecosystem.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.15:
Discuss how abiotic factors can affect the distribution of species in an ecosystem.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16a: Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16a: Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.a: Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.13b: Deduce, with a reason, which ecosystem is representative of a tropical rainforest.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.13b: Deduce, with a reason, which ecosystem is representative of a tropical rainforest.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.b: Deduce, with a reason, which ecosystem is representative of a tropical rainforest.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16b: State the month where the population reaches its maximum.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16b: State the month where the population reaches its maximum.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.b: State the month where the population reaches its maximum.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.14b:
Outline one example of mutualism.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.14b:
Outline one example of mutualism.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.b:
Outline one example of mutualism.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.15c:
Compare and contrast food chains and food webs.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.15c:
Compare and contrast food chains and food webs.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.c:
Compare and contrast food chains and food webs.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.18: Evaluate the impact of the introduction of a named invasive alien species into an environment.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.18: Evaluate the impact of the introduction of a named invasive alien species into an environment.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16d:
The map shows an area of the Pacific Ocean characterized by exceptionally high concentrations of plastics and other debris that have been trapped by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre.
Outline one consequence of marine plastic pollution.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16d:
The map shows an area of the Pacific Ocean characterized by exceptionally high concentrations of plastics and other debris that have been trapped by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre.
Outline one consequence of marine plastic pollution.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.d:
The map shows an area of the Pacific Ocean characterized by exceptionally high concentrations of plastics and other debris that have been trapped by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre.
Outline one consequence of marine plastic pollution.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12b: With respect to the example of disturbance-adapted beetles, explain what is meant by an indicator...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12b: With respect to the example of disturbance-adapted beetles, explain what is meant by an indicator...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.b: With respect to the example of disturbance-adapted beetles, explain what is meant by an indicator...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12c: Outline how reserve size and shape can impact edge effects.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12c: Outline how reserve size and shape can impact edge effects.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.c: Outline how reserve size and shape can impact edge effects.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.13a: Identify the processes represented by the arrows labelled A and B in both diagrams.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.13a: Identify the processes represented by the arrows labelled A and B in both diagrams.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.a: Identify the processes represented by the arrows labelled A and B in both diagrams.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.13a:
Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.13a:
Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.a:
Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.14b: Suggest how human activities could impact the development of an ecosystem on exposed bare ground.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.14b: Suggest how human activities could impact the development of an ecosystem on exposed bare ground.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.b: Suggest how human activities could impact the development of an ecosystem on exposed bare ground.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.14a: The sea star Pisaster ochraceus is identified as a keystone species in the Pacific...
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.14a: The sea star Pisaster ochraceus is identified as a keystone species in the Pacific...
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.a: The sea star Pisaster ochraceus is identified as a keystone species in the Pacific...
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.15a:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
State one abiotic factor that will determine the type of ecosystem in a succession.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.15a:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
State one abiotic factor that will determine the type of ecosystem in a succession.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.a:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
State one abiotic factor that will determine the type of ecosystem in a succession.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16c:
Using one example, outline biological control of an invasive alien species.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16c:
Using one example, outline biological control of an invasive alien species.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.c:
Using one example, outline biological control of an invasive alien species.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16e:
Explain the consequences of biomagnification.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16e:
Explain the consequences of biomagnification.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.e:
Explain the consequences of biomagnification.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16a:
Define invasive alien species.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16a:
Define invasive alien species.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.a:
Define invasive alien species.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.16b: Discuss the global impacts of invasive alien species.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.16b: Discuss the global impacts of invasive alien species.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.b: Discuss the global impacts of invasive alien species.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.17b:
Explain biogeographic factors that increase the effectiveness of nature reserves.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.17b:
Explain biogeographic factors that increase the effectiveness of nature reserves.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.b:
Explain biogeographic factors that increase the effectiveness of nature reserves.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.15a: Identify which of the types of interaction shown in the key occur between crabs and seagrass.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.15a: Identify which of the types of interaction shown in the key occur between crabs and seagrass.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.a: Identify which of the types of interaction shown in the key occur between crabs and seagrass.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.15b: Describe how the sea otter indirectly affects seagrass.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.15b: Describe how the sea otter indirectly affects seagrass.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.b: Describe how the sea otter indirectly affects seagrass.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16c.i: Outline how factor Y affects the species from January to April.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16c.i: Outline how factor Y affects the species from January to April.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.c.i: Outline how factor Y affects the species from January to April.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.11a: From the data, identify the depth along the transect where the greatest species richness is...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.11a: From the data, identify the depth along the transect where the greatest species richness is...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.a: From the data, identify the depth along the transect where the greatest species richness is...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.12: Outline one example of an active management strategy employed in the context of in situ...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.12: Outline one example of an active management strategy employed in the context of in situ...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.10c: With respect to this food chain, outline what is meant by a keystone species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.10c: With respect to this food chain, outline what is meant by a keystone species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.c: With respect to this food chain, outline what is meant by a keystone species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.11b: Outline the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral reef species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.11b: Outline the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral reef species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.b: Outline the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral reef species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.10a: State the trophic level of the sea urchin.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.10a: State the trophic level of the sea urchin.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.a: State the trophic level of the sea urchin.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ1.13:
Outline three ways in which a named environmental disturbance can impact an ecosystem.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ1.13:
Outline three ways in which a named environmental disturbance can impact an ecosystem.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ1.14:
Explain what is meant by competitive exclusion, with respect to a named example of an invasive species.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ1.14:
Explain what is meant by competitive exclusion, with respect to a named example of an invasive species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.10b: Compare and contrast the community structure within and outside the marine protected area.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.10b: Compare and contrast the community structure within and outside the marine protected area.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.b: Compare and contrast the community structure within and outside the marine protected area.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.14a: Describe the relationship between rock phosphate production and world population.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.14a: Describe the relationship between rock phosphate production and world population.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.a: Describe the relationship between rock phosphate production and world population.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.17b: The niches of the red and grey squirrels overlap. Explain the concept of competitive exclusion...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.17b: The niches of the red and grey squirrels overlap. Explain the concept of competitive exclusion...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.b: The niches of the red and grey squirrels overlap. Explain the concept of competitive exclusion...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.14b: Phosphate can be lost from agricultural land in several different ways. State one of these.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.14b: Phosphate can be lost from agricultural land in several different ways. State one of these.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.b: Phosphate can be lost from agricultural land in several different ways. State one of these.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.17a.i: Outline the changes of distribution of the grey squirrel from 1945 to 2010.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.17a.i: Outline the changes of distribution of the grey squirrel from 1945 to 2010.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.a.i: Outline the changes of distribution of the grey squirrel from 1945 to 2010.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16a.i: Distinguish between levels of predation in marmots born in the wild and those born in captivity.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16a.i: Distinguish between levels of predation in marmots born in the wild and those born in captivity.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.a.i: Distinguish between levels of predation in marmots born in the wild and those born in captivity.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16a.ii: Suggest reasons for the differences in predation.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16a.ii: Suggest reasons for the differences in predation.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.a.ii: Suggest reasons for the differences in predation.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.15b: Explain how the amount of litter in a tropical rainforest would differ from the taiga’s and how...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.15b: Explain how the amount of litter in a tropical rainforest would differ from the taiga’s and how...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.b: Explain how the amount of litter in a tropical rainforest would differ from the taiga’s and how...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16b: Distinguish between ex situ and in situ conservation of endangered species.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16b: Distinguish between ex situ and in situ conservation of endangered species.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.b: Distinguish between ex situ and in situ conservation of endangered species.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.17a.ii: Suggest two possible reasons for the change in distribution. 1. 2.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.17a.ii: Suggest two possible reasons for the change in distribution. 1. 2.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.a.ii: Suggest two possible reasons for the change in distribution. 1. 2.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.14c: Describe how the changes in world rock phosphate production after 1985 may have affected world...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.14c: Describe how the changes in world rock phosphate production after 1985 may have affected world...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.c: Describe how the changes in world rock phosphate production after 1985 may have affected world...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.15a: Outline what is represented by the arrows in the Gersmehl diagram.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.15a: Outline what is represented by the arrows in the Gersmehl diagram.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.a: Outline what is represented by the arrows in the Gersmehl diagram.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12e:
Barnacles are sensitive to pollution. Outline how it might be possible to use these organisms as indicator species.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12e:
Barnacles are sensitive to pollution. Outline how it might be possible to use these organisms as indicator species.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.e:
Barnacles are sensitive to pollution. Outline how it might be possible to use these organisms as indicator species.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.13:
The diagram shows the copper concentration (μg g–1) in the seaweed Porphyra umbilicalis collected along the shoreline in Arklow, Ireland.
[Source: reprinted by permission from Springer Nature: Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen,
Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index,
D L Tomlinson, et al., 33, issue 1, pages 566–575. Copyright 1980]Explain how the copper found in these seaweeds could affect the birds living in Arklow town.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.13:
The diagram shows the copper concentration (μg g–1) in the seaweed Porphyra umbilicalis collected along the shoreline in Arklow, Ireland.
[Source: reprinted by permission from Springer Nature: Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen,
Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index,
D L Tomlinson, et al., 33, issue 1, pages 566–575. Copyright 1980]Explain how the copper found in these seaweeds could affect the birds living in Arklow town.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12b:
Describe the distribution of C. montagui and S. balanoides barnacles in Butter Lump Bay.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12b:
Describe the distribution of C. montagui and S. balanoides barnacles in Butter Lump Bay.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.b:
Describe the distribution of C. montagui and S. balanoides barnacles in Butter Lump Bay.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.12d: State one abiotic factor that could have determined the distribution of barnacles.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.12d: State one abiotic factor that could have determined the distribution of barnacles.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.d: State one abiotic factor that could have determined the distribution of barnacles.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.15: Explain how food conversion ratios in livestock affect the amount of food for human consumption.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.15: Explain how food conversion ratios in livestock affect the amount of food for human consumption.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12c:
E. modestus is an invasive barnacle while the others are native species. Analyse the data to show how it supports this statement.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12c:
E. modestus is an invasive barnacle while the others are native species. Analyse the data to show how it supports this statement.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.c:
E. modestus is an invasive barnacle while the others are native species. Analyse the data to show how it supports this statement.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.14a: State two abiotic factors that are increased in the fragmented forest with respect to the centre...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.14a: State two abiotic factors that are increased in the fragmented forest with respect to the centre...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.a: State two abiotic factors that are increased in the fragmented forest with respect to the centre...
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12a:
Outline how the data could have been obtained.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12a:
Outline how the data could have been obtained.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.a:
Outline how the data could have been obtained.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15b: Natural forests in the area around Mangalore contain hardwood trees such as teak, Tectona...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15b: Natural forests in the area around Mangalore contain hardwood trees such as teak, Tectona...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.b: Natural forests in the area around Mangalore contain hardwood trees such as teak, Tectona...
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.15c:
The image shows a Gersmehl diagram of tropical rainforest.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
Explain what this diagram indicates about nutrients in this type of ecosystem.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.15c:
The image shows a Gersmehl diagram of tropical rainforest.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
Explain what this diagram indicates about nutrients in this type of ecosystem.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.c:
The image shows a Gersmehl diagram of tropical rainforest.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
Explain what this diagram indicates about nutrients in this type of ecosystem.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.17:
Outline a named example of the captive breeding and reintroduction of an endangered animal species.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.17:
Outline a named example of the captive breeding and reintroduction of an endangered animal species.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Outline how these results indicate that blackberry distribution is limited by light intensity.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Outline how these results indicate that blackberry distribution is limited by light intensity.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Outline how these results indicate that blackberry distribution is limited by light intensity.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16b: Suggest one reason for leaving natural corridors between different natural reserves.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16b: Suggest one reason for leaving natural corridors between different natural reserves.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.b: Suggest one reason for leaving natural corridors between different natural reserves.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15b.ii: Outline the impact of alien species on endemic species in ecosystems.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15b.ii: Outline the impact of alien species on endemic species in ecosystems.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.b.ii: Outline the impact of alien species on endemic species in ecosystems.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.13a: Explain why some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.13a: Explain why some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Explain why some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological...
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.14b:
Models are used as representations of the real world. Evaluate the use of food webs to represent ecological communities.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.14b:
Models are used as representations of the real world. Evaluate the use of food webs to represent ecological communities.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.b:
Models are used as representations of the real world. Evaluate the use of food webs to represent ecological communities.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15a: Compare and contrast the information provided for baleen whales and sea turtles.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15a: Compare and contrast the information provided for baleen whales and sea turtles.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.a: Compare and contrast the information provided for baleen whales and sea turtles.
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.12c:
A pyramid of energy represents the amount of energy taken in by each trophic level per unit time and per unit area. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of pyramids of energy as models of energy flow in an ecosystem.
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.12c:
A pyramid of energy represents the amount of energy taken in by each trophic level per unit time and per unit area. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of pyramids of energy as models of energy flow in an ecosystem.
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.c:
A pyramid of energy represents the amount of energy taken in by each trophic level per unit time and per unit area. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of pyramids of energy as models of energy flow in an ecosystem.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.13b: Compare and contrast fundamental and realized niche of a species.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.13b: Compare and contrast fundamental and realized niche of a species.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Compare and contrast fundamental and realized niche of a species.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16a: State one advantage of this in situ conservation method.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16a: State one advantage of this in situ conservation method.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.a: State one advantage of this in situ conservation method.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Distinguish between the transfer of matter and energy in closed ecosystems.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Distinguish between the transfer of matter and energy in closed ecosystems.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Distinguish between the transfer of matter and energy in closed ecosystems.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.14d: Outline what is meant by the niche concept.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.14d: Outline what is meant by the niche concept.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.d: Outline what is meant by the niche concept.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16c: State what a high value of Simpson’s reciprocal index of diversity suggests about an ecosystem.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16c: State what a high value of Simpson’s reciprocal index of diversity suggests about an ecosystem.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.c: State what a high value of Simpson’s reciprocal index of diversity suggests about an ecosystem.
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.14a:
Explain how the levels of the Caesium (Cs) radioisotopes could have accumulated in the tissues of these fish.
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.14a:
Explain how the levels of the Caesium (Cs) radioisotopes could have accumulated in the tissues of these fish.
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.a:
Explain how the levels of the Caesium (Cs) radioisotopes could have accumulated in the tissues of these fish.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.14c: Explain why some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.14c: Explain why some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.c: Explain why some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15a: State the impact of environmental disturbance on biodiversity.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15a: State the impact of environmental disturbance on biodiversity.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.a: State the impact of environmental disturbance on biodiversity.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15c: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15c: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.c: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.14a:
Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is the mass of animal feed in kilograms required for farmed animals to produce one kilogram of edible mass. For example, the FCR for salmon is 1.2 and for chicken is 2.2. Deduce the implication of these ratios for sustainability.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.14a:
Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is the mass of animal feed in kilograms required for farmed animals to produce one kilogram of edible mass. For example, the FCR for salmon is 1.2 and for chicken is 2.2. Deduce the implication of these ratios for sustainability.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.a:
Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is the mass of animal feed in kilograms required for farmed animals to produce one kilogram of edible mass. For example, the FCR for salmon is 1.2 and for chicken is 2.2. Deduce the implication of these ratios for sustainability.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15b: Outline how plastic ingestion may lead to biomagnification in these marine species.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15b: Outline how plastic ingestion may lead to biomagnification in these marine species.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.b: Outline how plastic ingestion may lead to biomagnification in these marine species.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16d: Explain how the shape and size of a protected area may influence its success in protecting the...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16d: Explain how the shape and size of a protected area may influence its success in protecting the...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.d: Explain how the shape and size of a protected area may influence its success in protecting the...
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14a.i:
Identify how the pattern in mammals is different from reptiles and birds.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14a.i:
Identify how the pattern in mammals is different from reptiles and birds.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.a.i:
Identify how the pattern in mammals is different from reptiles and birds.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14a.ii:
Describe how invasive species such as F. silvestris can have a significant impact on native species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14a.ii:
Describe how invasive species such as F. silvestris can have a significant impact on native species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.a.ii:
Describe how invasive species such as F. silvestris can have a significant impact on native species.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.12b: Analyse the differences in biodiversity seen in the three sites.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.12b: Analyse the differences in biodiversity seen in the three sites.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.b: Analyse the differences in biodiversity seen in the three sites.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.14a:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
[Source: climatica.org.uk]
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.14a:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
[Source: climatica.org.uk]
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.a:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
[Source: climatica.org.uk]
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: State which plant can be cut in August.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: State which plant can be cut in August.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.a: State which plant can be cut in August.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Suggest a reason for not cutting invasive plants at certain times of year.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Suggest a reason for not cutting invasive plants at certain times of year.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Suggest a reason for not cutting invasive plants at certain times of year.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.14b: Explain the likely effects on biodiversity if a forest becomes fragmented.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.b: Explain the likely effects on biodiversity if a forest becomes fragmented.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.14b: Explain the likely effects on biodiversity if a forest becomes fragmented.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15a.i: Using the climograph, calculate the range of temperature.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15a.i: Using the climograph, calculate the range of temperature.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.a.i: Using the climograph, calculate the range of temperature.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15a.ii: Using the climograph, identify the relationship between maximum temperature and rainfall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15a.ii: Using the climograph, identify the relationship between maximum temperature and rainfall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.a.ii: Using the climograph, identify the relationship between maximum temperature and rainfall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15a.iii: Using the climograph, outline the pattern of rainfall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15a.iii: Using the climograph, outline the pattern of rainfall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.a.iii: Using the climograph, outline the pattern of rainfall.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15b.i: State an example of an alien species.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15b.i: State an example of an alien species.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.b.i: State an example of an alien species.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Outline the principle of competitive exclusion.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Outline the principle of competitive exclusion.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Outline the principle of competitive exclusion.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12c: Other than position in the tree, suggest two ways in which the niches of the warblers in the...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12c: Other than position in the tree, suggest two ways in which the niches of the warblers in the...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.c: Other than position in the tree, suggest two ways in which the niches of the warblers in the...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.13a.i: Calculate the number of species of grebe with problems due to entanglement.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.13a.i: Calculate the number of species of grebe with problems due to entanglement.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.a.i: Calculate the number of species of grebe with problems due to entanglement.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.13b.i: Identify the group with the greatest number of species with problems due to ingestion of plastics.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.13b.i: Identify the group with the greatest number of species with problems due to ingestion of plastics.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.b.i: Identify the group with the greatest number of species with problems due to ingestion of plastics.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14a.i: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14a.i: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.a.i: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.15:
Explain what information a pyramid of energy provides about an ecological community.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.15:
Explain what information a pyramid of energy provides about an ecological community.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.15b:
Sea otters are considered keystone species in this environment. Suggest how the presence of sea otters could affect the algae population.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.15b:
Sea otters are considered keystone species in this environment. Suggest how the presence of sea otters could affect the algae population.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.b:
Sea otters are considered keystone species in this environment. Suggest how the presence of sea otters could affect the algae population.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.17d: A type of ecosystem in Brazil is tropical rainforest. Construct a Gersmehl diagram on the outline...
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.17d: A type of ecosystem in Brazil is tropical rainforest. Construct a Gersmehl diagram on the outline...
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.d: A type of ecosystem in Brazil is tropical rainforest. Construct a Gersmehl diagram on the outline...
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.18b: List two biotic factors, other than wolf predation or culling, that could affect the elk...
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.18b: List two biotic factors, other than wolf predation or culling, that could affect the elk...
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.b: List two biotic factors, other than wolf predation or culling, that could affect the elk...
-
23M.3.HL.TZ1.16a:
Outline how the prickly pear cactus may become an ecological problem in Kruger National Park.
-
23M.3.HL.TZ1.16a:
Outline how the prickly pear cactus may become an ecological problem in Kruger National Park.
-
23M.3.HL.TZ1.a:
Outline how the prickly pear cactus may become an ecological problem in Kruger National Park.
Sub sections and their related questions
C.1 Species and communities
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.15:
Explain reasons for differences in the realized niche and fundamental niche of an organism.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.17a.i: Define fundamental niche.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.17a.ii: Outline a reason for organisms seldom occupying their entire fundamental niche.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.17b:
Describe the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral species.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.13a:
Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.13b: Outline the impact of competition on the niche of an organism.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.13c: Outline the characteristics of keystone species in an ecosystem.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.15:
Discuss how abiotic factors can affect the distribution of species in an ecosystem.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.14a: The sea star Pisaster ochraceus is identified as a keystone species in the Pacific...
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.14b:
Outline one example of mutualism.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.8c: Outline the concept of an emergent property.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.15a: Identify which of the types of interaction shown in the key occur between crabs and seagrass.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.15b: Describe how the sea otter indirectly affects seagrass.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16a: Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16b: State the month where the population reaches its maximum.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16c.i: Outline how factor Y affects the species from January to April.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16c.ii: Suggest, with a reason, what factor Y could be.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.15a: State the trend in temperatures from 1982 to 2014.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.15b: Deduce the effect of bleaching on corals.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.10c: With respect to this food chain, outline what is meant by a keystone species.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.17a.i: Outline the changes of distribution of the grey squirrel from 1945 to 2010.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.17a.ii: Suggest two possible reasons for the change in distribution. 1. 2.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.17b: The niches of the red and grey squirrels overlap. Explain the concept of competitive exclusion...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Outline how these results indicate that blackberry distribution is limited by light intensity.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.13a: Explain why some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.13b: Compare and contrast fundamental and realized niche of a species.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.14c: Explain why some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.14d: Outline what is meant by the niche concept.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16b: Suggest one reason for leaving natural corridors between different natural reserves.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Distinguish between the distribution of D. tigrina and that of D. coronata.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12c: Other than position in the tree, suggest two ways in which the niches of the warblers in the...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12d: The diagram shows the realized niches of the five species of warbler. Suggest how the fundamental...
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.15b:
Sea otters are considered keystone species in this environment. Suggest how the presence of sea otters could affect the algae population.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.18a: Outline the changes in elk population between the years 1930 and 2004.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.18b: List two biotic factors, other than wolf predation or culling, that could affect the elk...
-
23M.3.HL.TZ1.16a:
Outline how the prickly pear cactus may become an ecological problem in Kruger National Park.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Outline how these results indicate that blackberry distribution is limited by light intensity.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Outline how these results indicate that blackberry distribution is limited by light intensity.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.13a: Explain why some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.13b: Compare and contrast fundamental and realized niche of a species.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Explain why some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Compare and contrast fundamental and realized niche of a species.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.14c: Explain why some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.14d: Outline what is meant by the niche concept.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.c: Explain why some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.d: Outline what is meant by the niche concept.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16b: Suggest one reason for leaving natural corridors between different natural reserves.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.b: Suggest one reason for leaving natural corridors between different natural reserves.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Distinguish between the distribution of D. tigrina and that of D. coronata.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12c: Other than position in the tree, suggest two ways in which the niches of the warblers in the...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12d: The diagram shows the realized niches of the five species of warbler. Suggest how the fundamental...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Distinguish between the distribution of D. tigrina and that of D. coronata.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.c: Other than position in the tree, suggest two ways in which the niches of the warblers in the...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.d: The diagram shows the realized niches of the five species of warbler. Suggest how the fundamental...
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.15b:
Sea otters are considered keystone species in this environment. Suggest how the presence of sea otters could affect the algae population.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.b:
Sea otters are considered keystone species in this environment. Suggest how the presence of sea otters could affect the algae population.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.18a: Outline the changes in elk population between the years 1930 and 2004.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.18b: List two biotic factors, other than wolf predation or culling, that could affect the elk...
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.a: Outline the changes in elk population between the years 1930 and 2004.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.b: List two biotic factors, other than wolf predation or culling, that could affect the elk...
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.15:
Explain reasons for differences in the realized niche and fundamental niche of an organism.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.17a.i: Define fundamental niche.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.17a.ii: Outline a reason for organisms seldom occupying their entire fundamental niche.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.17b:
Describe the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral species.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.a.i: Define fundamental niche.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.a.ii: Outline a reason for organisms seldom occupying their entire fundamental niche.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.b:
Describe the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral species.
-
23M.3.HL.TZ1.16a:
Outline how the prickly pear cactus may become an ecological problem in Kruger National Park.
-
23M.3.HL.TZ1.a:
Outline how the prickly pear cactus may become an ecological problem in Kruger National Park.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.13a:
Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.13b: Outline the impact of competition on the niche of an organism.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.13c: Outline the characteristics of keystone species in an ecosystem.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.a:
Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.b: Outline the impact of competition on the niche of an organism.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.c: Outline the characteristics of keystone species in an ecosystem.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.15:
Discuss how abiotic factors can affect the distribution of species in an ecosystem.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.14a: The sea star Pisaster ochraceus is identified as a keystone species in the Pacific...
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.14b:
Outline one example of mutualism.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.a: The sea star Pisaster ochraceus is identified as a keystone species in the Pacific...
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.b:
Outline one example of mutualism.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.8c: Outline the concept of an emergent property.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.c: Outline the concept of an emergent property.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.15a: Identify which of the types of interaction shown in the key occur between crabs and seagrass.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.15b: Describe how the sea otter indirectly affects seagrass.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.a: Identify which of the types of interaction shown in the key occur between crabs and seagrass.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.b: Describe how the sea otter indirectly affects seagrass.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16a: Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16b: State the month where the population reaches its maximum.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16c.i: Outline how factor Y affects the species from January to April.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.16c.ii: Suggest, with a reason, what factor Y could be.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.a: Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.b: State the month where the population reaches its maximum.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.c.i: Outline how factor Y affects the species from January to April.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.c.ii: Suggest, with a reason, what factor Y could be.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.15a: State the trend in temperatures from 1982 to 2014.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.15b: Deduce the effect of bleaching on corals.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.a: State the trend in temperatures from 1982 to 2014.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Deduce the effect of bleaching on corals.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.10c: With respect to this food chain, outline what is meant by a keystone species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.c: With respect to this food chain, outline what is meant by a keystone species.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.17a.i: Outline the changes of distribution of the grey squirrel from 1945 to 2010.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.17a.ii: Suggest two possible reasons for the change in distribution. 1. 2.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.17b: The niches of the red and grey squirrels overlap. Explain the concept of competitive exclusion...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.a.i: Outline the changes of distribution of the grey squirrel from 1945 to 2010.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.a.ii: Suggest two possible reasons for the change in distribution. 1. 2.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.b: The niches of the red and grey squirrels overlap. Explain the concept of competitive exclusion...
C.2 Communities and ecosystems
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Calculate the energy loss due to respiration in primary consumers in kJ m–2 y–1.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Outline why a year is more suitable than a month for the measurement of energy flow.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.13b:
The sea star also eats the sea snails. Construct a food web to show the feeding relationships between these five organisms in the ecosystem.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.14a:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
[Source: climatica.org.uk]
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.14b: Suggest how human activities could impact the development of an ecosystem on exposed bare ground.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.15a:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
State one abiotic factor that will determine the type of ecosystem in a succession.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.15b:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.15c:
Compare and contrast food chains and food webs.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.13a: Identify the processes represented by the arrows labelled A and B in both diagrams.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.13b: Deduce, with a reason, which ecosystem is representative of a tropical rainforest.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Calculate the increase in mass of a cow given 6 kg of food
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Calculate how much food would be required to produce 20 kg of boar meat.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.12c: With reference to the data, discuss the farming of salmon for sustainable food production.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14a: Each of the mesocosms is an open ecosystem. State the property that makes the mesocosms open...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14b: Assuming that the populations of bacteria are under bottom-up control, identify the mesocosms in...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14c: Outline top-down effects on the bacteria in the four mesocosms.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14d: Suggest advantages of undertaking this experiment in the sea rather than in the laboratory.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.10a: State the trophic level of the sea urchin.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.10b: Compare and contrast the community structure within and outside the marine protected area.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.15a: Outline what is represented by the arrows in the Gersmehl diagram.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.15b: Explain how the amount of litter in a tropical rainforest would differ from the taiga’s and how...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.15: Explain how food conversion ratios in livestock affect the amount of food for human consumption.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15a.i: Using the climograph, calculate the range of temperature.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15a.ii: Using the climograph, identify the relationship between maximum temperature and rainfall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15a.iii: Using the climograph, outline the pattern of rainfall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15b: Natural forests in the area around Mangalore contain hardwood trees such as teak, Tectona...
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.15c:
The image shows a Gersmehl diagram of tropical rainforest.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
Explain what this diagram indicates about nutrients in this type of ecosystem.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Distinguish between the transfer of matter and energy in closed ecosystems.
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.12c:
A pyramid of energy represents the amount of energy taken in by each trophic level per unit time and per unit area. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of pyramids of energy as models of energy flow in an ecosystem.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.14a:
Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is the mass of animal feed in kilograms required for farmed animals to produce one kilogram of edible mass. For example, the FCR for salmon is 1.2 and for chicken is 2.2. Deduce the implication of these ratios for sustainability.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.14b:
Models are used as representations of the real world. Evaluate the use of food webs to represent ecological communities.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16d: Explain how the shape and size of a protected area may influence its success in protecting the...
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.15:
Explain what information a pyramid of energy provides about an ecological community.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.15a:
Outline a method that could have been used in this study to measure the numbers of sea urchins per 0.25 m2.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.17d: A type of ecosystem in Brazil is tropical rainforest. Construct a Gersmehl diagram on the outline...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Distinguish between the transfer of matter and energy in closed ecosystems.
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.12c:
A pyramid of energy represents the amount of energy taken in by each trophic level per unit time and per unit area. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of pyramids of energy as models of energy flow in an ecosystem.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Distinguish between the transfer of matter and energy in closed ecosystems.
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.c:
A pyramid of energy represents the amount of energy taken in by each trophic level per unit time and per unit area. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of pyramids of energy as models of energy flow in an ecosystem.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.14a:
Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is the mass of animal feed in kilograms required for farmed animals to produce one kilogram of edible mass. For example, the FCR for salmon is 1.2 and for chicken is 2.2. Deduce the implication of these ratios for sustainability.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.14b:
Models are used as representations of the real world. Evaluate the use of food webs to represent ecological communities.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.a:
Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is the mass of animal feed in kilograms required for farmed animals to produce one kilogram of edible mass. For example, the FCR for salmon is 1.2 and for chicken is 2.2. Deduce the implication of these ratios for sustainability.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.b:
Models are used as representations of the real world. Evaluate the use of food webs to represent ecological communities.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16d: Explain how the shape and size of a protected area may influence its success in protecting the...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.d: Explain how the shape and size of a protected area may influence its success in protecting the...
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.15:
Explain what information a pyramid of energy provides about an ecological community.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.15a:
Outline a method that could have been used in this study to measure the numbers of sea urchins per 0.25 m2.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.a:
Outline a method that could have been used in this study to measure the numbers of sea urchins per 0.25 m2.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.17d: A type of ecosystem in Brazil is tropical rainforest. Construct a Gersmehl diagram on the outline...
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.d: A type of ecosystem in Brazil is tropical rainforest. Construct a Gersmehl diagram on the outline...
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Calculate the energy loss due to respiration in primary consumers in kJ m–2 y–1.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Outline why a year is more suitable than a month for the measurement of energy flow.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Calculate the energy loss due to respiration in primary consumers in kJ m–2 y–1.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Outline why a year is more suitable than a month for the measurement of energy flow.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.13b:
The sea star also eats the sea snails. Construct a food web to show the feeding relationships between these five organisms in the ecosystem.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.b:
The sea star also eats the sea snails. Construct a food web to show the feeding relationships between these five organisms in the ecosystem.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.14a:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
[Source: climatica.org.uk]
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.14b: Suggest how human activities could impact the development of an ecosystem on exposed bare ground.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.a:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
[Source: climatica.org.uk]
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.b: Suggest how human activities could impact the development of an ecosystem on exposed bare ground.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.15a:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
State one abiotic factor that will determine the type of ecosystem in a succession.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.15b:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.15c:
Compare and contrast food chains and food webs.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.a:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
State one abiotic factor that will determine the type of ecosystem in a succession.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.b:
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.
Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.c:
Compare and contrast food chains and food webs.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.13a: Identify the processes represented by the arrows labelled A and B in both diagrams.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.13b: Deduce, with a reason, which ecosystem is representative of a tropical rainforest.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.a: Identify the processes represented by the arrows labelled A and B in both diagrams.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.b: Deduce, with a reason, which ecosystem is representative of a tropical rainforest.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Calculate the increase in mass of a cow given 6 kg of food
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Calculate how much food would be required to produce 20 kg of boar meat.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.12c: With reference to the data, discuss the farming of salmon for sustainable food production.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Calculate the increase in mass of a cow given 6 kg of food
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Calculate how much food would be required to produce 20 kg of boar meat.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.c: With reference to the data, discuss the farming of salmon for sustainable food production.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14a: Each of the mesocosms is an open ecosystem. State the property that makes the mesocosms open...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14b: Assuming that the populations of bacteria are under bottom-up control, identify the mesocosms in...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14c: Outline top-down effects on the bacteria in the four mesocosms.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.14d: Suggest advantages of undertaking this experiment in the sea rather than in the laboratory.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.a: Each of the mesocosms is an open ecosystem. State the property that makes the mesocosms open...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.b: Assuming that the populations of bacteria are under bottom-up control, identify the mesocosms in...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.c: Outline top-down effects on the bacteria in the four mesocosms.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.d: Suggest advantages of undertaking this experiment in the sea rather than in the laboratory.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.10a: State the trophic level of the sea urchin.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.10b: Compare and contrast the community structure within and outside the marine protected area.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.a: State the trophic level of the sea urchin.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.b: Compare and contrast the community structure within and outside the marine protected area.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.15a: Outline what is represented by the arrows in the Gersmehl diagram.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.15b: Explain how the amount of litter in a tropical rainforest would differ from the taiga’s and how...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.a: Outline what is represented by the arrows in the Gersmehl diagram.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.b: Explain how the amount of litter in a tropical rainforest would differ from the taiga’s and how...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.15: Explain how food conversion ratios in livestock affect the amount of food for human consumption.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15a.i: Using the climograph, calculate the range of temperature.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15a.ii: Using the climograph, identify the relationship between maximum temperature and rainfall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15a.iii: Using the climograph, outline the pattern of rainfall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.15b: Natural forests in the area around Mangalore contain hardwood trees such as teak, Tectona...
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.15c:
The image shows a Gersmehl diagram of tropical rainforest.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
Explain what this diagram indicates about nutrients in this type of ecosystem.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.a.i: Using the climograph, calculate the range of temperature.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.a.ii: Using the climograph, identify the relationship between maximum temperature and rainfall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.a.iii: Using the climograph, outline the pattern of rainfall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.b: Natural forests in the area around Mangalore contain hardwood trees such as teak, Tectona...
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.c:
The image shows a Gersmehl diagram of tropical rainforest.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
Explain what this diagram indicates about nutrients in this type of ecosystem.
C.3 Impacts of humans on ecosystems
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.12c:
Explain how pesticides may undergo biomagnification in the lake.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.13a:
Compare and contrast the effects of the predators on the population of the mussels.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14a.i:
Identify how the pattern in mammals is different from reptiles and birds.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14a.ii:
Describe how invasive species such as F. silvestris can have a significant impact on native species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14a.iii:
Suggest a method to limit the impact of F. silvestris on native species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.16c:
Outline three issues arising from the release of pollutants into the environment.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16a:
Define invasive alien species.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.16b: Discuss the global impacts of invasive alien species.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16c:
Using one example, outline biological control of an invasive alien species.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16d:
The map shows an area of the Pacific Ocean characterized by exceptionally high concentrations of plastics and other debris that have been trapped by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre.
Outline one consequence of marine plastic pollution.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16e:
Explain the consequences of biomagnification.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.14: Discuss the health consequences and environmental consequences of the use of DDT.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.18: Evaluate the impact of the introduction of a named invasive alien species into an environment.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: State which plant can be cut in August.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Suggest a reason for not cutting invasive plants at certain times of year.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14c: Outline reasons for controlling invasive plants.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14d: Discuss what precautions should be taken before considering biological control of the invasive...
-
19M.3.SL.TZ1.13:
Outline three ways in which a named environmental disturbance can impact an ecosystem.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ1.14:
Explain what is meant by competitive exclusion, with respect to a named example of an invasive species.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.14a: Describe the relationship between rock phosphate production and world population.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.14b: Phosphate can be lost from agricultural land in several different ways. State one of these.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.14c: Describe how the changes in world rock phosphate production after 1985 may have affected world...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16a.i: Distinguish between levels of predation in marmots born in the wild and those born in captivity.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16a.ii: Suggest reasons for the differences in predation.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.13:
The diagram shows the copper concentration (μg g–1) in the seaweed Porphyra umbilicalis collected along the shoreline in Arklow, Ireland.
[Source: reprinted by permission from Springer Nature: Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen,
Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index,
D L Tomlinson, et al., 33, issue 1, pages 566–575. Copyright 1980]Explain how the copper found in these seaweeds could affect the birds living in Arklow town.
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.14a:
Explain how the levels of the Caesium (Cs) radioisotopes could have accumulated in the tissues of these fish.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15b.i: State an example of an alien species.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15b.ii: Outline the impact of alien species on endemic species in ecosystems.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15a: Compare and contrast the information provided for baleen whales and sea turtles.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15b: Outline how plastic ingestion may lead to biomagnification in these marine species.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Outline the principle of competitive exclusion.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.13a.i: Calculate the number of species of grebe with problems due to entanglement.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.13a.ii: Suggest how entanglement in plastics can lead to the death of marine birds.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.13b.i: Identify the group with the greatest number of species with problems due to ingestion of plastics.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.13b.ii:
Describe how ingested plastics can cause problems to marine birds.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.15c:
Sea urchins are destroying the giant kelp alga (Macrocystis pyrifera) marine forests of South East Australia. Suggest a reason that sea urchins might be an invasive species in this environment.
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.14a:
Explain how the levels of the Caesium (Cs) radioisotopes could have accumulated in the tissues of these fish.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.a:
Explain how the levels of the Caesium (Cs) radioisotopes could have accumulated in the tissues of these fish.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15b.i: State an example of an alien species.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15b.ii: Outline the impact of alien species on endemic species in ecosystems.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.b.i: State an example of an alien species.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.b.ii: Outline the impact of alien species on endemic species in ecosystems.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15a: Compare and contrast the information provided for baleen whales and sea turtles.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15b: Outline how plastic ingestion may lead to biomagnification in these marine species.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.a: Compare and contrast the information provided for baleen whales and sea turtles.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.b: Outline how plastic ingestion may lead to biomagnification in these marine species.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Outline the principle of competitive exclusion.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Outline the principle of competitive exclusion.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.13a.i: Calculate the number of species of grebe with problems due to entanglement.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.13a.ii: Suggest how entanglement in plastics can lead to the death of marine birds.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.13b.i: Identify the group with the greatest number of species with problems due to ingestion of plastics.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.13b.ii:
Describe how ingested plastics can cause problems to marine birds.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.a.i: Calculate the number of species of grebe with problems due to entanglement.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.a.ii: Suggest how entanglement in plastics can lead to the death of marine birds.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.b.i: Identify the group with the greatest number of species with problems due to ingestion of plastics.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.b.ii:
Describe how ingested plastics can cause problems to marine birds.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.15c:
Sea urchins are destroying the giant kelp alga (Macrocystis pyrifera) marine forests of South East Australia. Suggest a reason that sea urchins might be an invasive species in this environment.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.c:
Sea urchins are destroying the giant kelp alga (Macrocystis pyrifera) marine forests of South East Australia. Suggest a reason that sea urchins might be an invasive species in this environment.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.12c:
Explain how pesticides may undergo biomagnification in the lake.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.c:
Explain how pesticides may undergo biomagnification in the lake.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.13a:
Compare and contrast the effects of the predators on the population of the mussels.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.a:
Compare and contrast the effects of the predators on the population of the mussels.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14a.i:
Identify how the pattern in mammals is different from reptiles and birds.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14a.ii:
Describe how invasive species such as F. silvestris can have a significant impact on native species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14a.iii:
Suggest a method to limit the impact of F. silvestris on native species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.a.i:
Identify how the pattern in mammals is different from reptiles and birds.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.a.ii:
Describe how invasive species such as F. silvestris can have a significant impact on native species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.a.iii:
Suggest a method to limit the impact of F. silvestris on native species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.16c:
Outline three issues arising from the release of pollutants into the environment.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.c:
Outline three issues arising from the release of pollutants into the environment.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16a:
Define invasive alien species.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.16b: Discuss the global impacts of invasive alien species.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16c:
Using one example, outline biological control of an invasive alien species.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16d:
The map shows an area of the Pacific Ocean characterized by exceptionally high concentrations of plastics and other debris that have been trapped by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre.
Outline one consequence of marine plastic pollution.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.16e:
Explain the consequences of biomagnification.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.a:
Define invasive alien species.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.b: Discuss the global impacts of invasive alien species.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.c:
Using one example, outline biological control of an invasive alien species.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.d:
The map shows an area of the Pacific Ocean characterized by exceptionally high concentrations of plastics and other debris that have been trapped by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre.
Outline one consequence of marine plastic pollution.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.e:
Explain the consequences of biomagnification.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.14: Discuss the health consequences and environmental consequences of the use of DDT.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.18: Evaluate the impact of the introduction of a named invasive alien species into an environment.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: State which plant can be cut in August.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Suggest a reason for not cutting invasive plants at certain times of year.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14c: Outline reasons for controlling invasive plants.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.14d: Discuss what precautions should be taken before considering biological control of the invasive...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.a: State which plant can be cut in August.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Suggest a reason for not cutting invasive plants at certain times of year.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.c: Outline reasons for controlling invasive plants.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.d: Discuss what precautions should be taken before considering biological control of the invasive...
-
19M.3.SL.TZ1.13:
Outline three ways in which a named environmental disturbance can impact an ecosystem.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ1.14:
Explain what is meant by competitive exclusion, with respect to a named example of an invasive species.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.14a: Describe the relationship between rock phosphate production and world population.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.14b: Phosphate can be lost from agricultural land in several different ways. State one of these.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.14c: Describe how the changes in world rock phosphate production after 1985 may have affected world...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.a: Describe the relationship between rock phosphate production and world population.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.b: Phosphate can be lost from agricultural land in several different ways. State one of these.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.c: Describe how the changes in world rock phosphate production after 1985 may have affected world...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16a.i: Distinguish between levels of predation in marmots born in the wild and those born in captivity.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16a.ii: Suggest reasons for the differences in predation.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.a.i: Distinguish between levels of predation in marmots born in the wild and those born in captivity.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.a.ii: Suggest reasons for the differences in predation.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.13:
The diagram shows the copper concentration (μg g–1) in the seaweed Porphyra umbilicalis collected along the shoreline in Arklow, Ireland.
[Source: reprinted by permission from Springer Nature: Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen,
Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index,
D L Tomlinson, et al., 33, issue 1, pages 566–575. Copyright 1980]Explain how the copper found in these seaweeds could affect the birds living in Arklow town.
C.4 Conservation of biodiversity
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: Calculate how many species are classified as endangered due to hunting and trapping.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: State one reason mammals can continue to survive even if they are extinct in the wild.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14c: Outline how deforestation can affect the richness of biodiversity in an ecosystem.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.14d:
Explain the impact of plastic waste on Laysan albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis).
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14b.i:
State the role of an indicator species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14b.ii:
Identify possible approaches to maintain the population of P. sandwichensis.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.12a:
Outline what is meant by the edge effect.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.12b: Analyse the differences in biodiversity seen in the three sites.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.17b:
Explain biogeographic factors that increase the effectiveness of nature reserves.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12a: Determine how far from the forest edge an increase in disturbance-adapted beetles would be detected.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12b: With respect to the example of disturbance-adapted beetles, explain what is meant by an indicator...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12c: Outline how reserve size and shape can impact edge effects.
-
18N.3.SL.TZ0.13a:
State which species could be found in mildly polluted water.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13b: State the name given to organisms whose presence or absence reflects an environmental condition.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13c: Distinguish between richness and evenness as components of biodiversity.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13d: Explain how edge effects can influence biodiversity in a region.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15a: Identify the group that is most intolerant to pollution.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15b.i: Deduce the meaning of ni in this formula.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15b.ii: Deduce the meaning of ai in this formula.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15c: Outline how organisms in Group V could be used to measure pollution in an environment.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.11a: From the data, identify the depth along the transect where the greatest species richness is...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.11b: Outline the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral reef species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.12: Outline one example of an active management strategy employed in the context of in situ...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16b: Distinguish between ex situ and in situ conservation of endangered species.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12a:
Outline how the data could have been obtained.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12b:
Describe the distribution of C. montagui and S. balanoides barnacles in Butter Lump Bay.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12c:
E. modestus is an invasive barnacle while the others are native species. Analyse the data to show how it supports this statement.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.12d: State one abiotic factor that could have determined the distribution of barnacles.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12e:
Barnacles are sensitive to pollution. Outline how it might be possible to use these organisms as indicator species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.14a: State two abiotic factors that are increased in the fragmented forest with respect to the centre...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.14b: Explain the likely effects on biodiversity if a forest becomes fragmented.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.17:
Outline a named example of the captive breeding and reintroduction of an endangered animal species.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15a: State the impact of environmental disturbance on biodiversity.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15c: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16a: State one advantage of this in situ conservation method.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16c: State what a high value of Simpson’s reciprocal index of diversity suggests about an ecosystem.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14a.i: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14a.ii: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Calculation of Simpson’s reciprocal diversity index for both rockpools gives the following...
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.14c:
The graph shows how the number of ant species found on isolated islands near New Guinea depends on the size of the island.
[Source: University of Windsor, The Theory of Island Biogeography. Available at:
http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/biology/macisaac/55-437/lecture9.htm.]Explain the relationship between island size and number of ant species.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15a: State the impact of environmental disturbance on biodiversity.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.a: State the impact of environmental disturbance on biodiversity.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15c: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.c: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16a: State one advantage of this in situ conservation method.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16c: State what a high value of Simpson’s reciprocal index of diversity suggests about an ecosystem.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.a: State one advantage of this in situ conservation method.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.c: State what a high value of Simpson’s reciprocal index of diversity suggests about an ecosystem.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14a.i: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14a.ii: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Calculation of Simpson’s reciprocal diversity index for both rockpools gives the following...
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.14c:
The graph shows how the number of ant species found on isolated islands near New Guinea depends on the size of the island.
[Source: University of Windsor, The Theory of Island Biogeography. Available at:
http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/biology/macisaac/55-437/lecture9.htm.]Explain the relationship between island size and number of ant species.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.a.i: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.a.ii: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Calculation of Simpson’s reciprocal diversity index for both rockpools gives the following...
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.c:
The graph shows how the number of ant species found on isolated islands near New Guinea depends on the size of the island.
[Source: University of Windsor, The Theory of Island Biogeography. Available at:
http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/biology/macisaac/55-437/lecture9.htm.]Explain the relationship between island size and number of ant species.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: Calculate how many species are classified as endangered due to hunting and trapping.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: State one reason mammals can continue to survive even if they are extinct in the wild.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14c: Outline how deforestation can affect the richness of biodiversity in an ecosystem.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.14d:
Explain the impact of plastic waste on Laysan albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis).
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Calculate how many species are classified as endangered due to hunting and trapping.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.b: State one reason mammals can continue to survive even if they are extinct in the wild.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.c: Outline how deforestation can affect the richness of biodiversity in an ecosystem.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.d:
Explain the impact of plastic waste on Laysan albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis).
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14b.i:
State the role of an indicator species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.14b.ii:
Identify possible approaches to maintain the population of P. sandwichensis.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.b.i:
State the role of an indicator species.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.b.ii:
Identify possible approaches to maintain the population of P. sandwichensis.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.12a:
Outline what is meant by the edge effect.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.12b: Analyse the differences in biodiversity seen in the three sites.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.a:
Outline what is meant by the edge effect.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.b: Analyse the differences in biodiversity seen in the three sites.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.17b:
Explain biogeographic factors that increase the effectiveness of nature reserves.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.b:
Explain biogeographic factors that increase the effectiveness of nature reserves.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12a: Determine how far from the forest edge an increase in disturbance-adapted beetles would be detected.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12b: With respect to the example of disturbance-adapted beetles, explain what is meant by an indicator...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12c: Outline how reserve size and shape can impact edge effects.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.a: Determine how far from the forest edge an increase in disturbance-adapted beetles would be detected.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.b: With respect to the example of disturbance-adapted beetles, explain what is meant by an indicator...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.c: Outline how reserve size and shape can impact edge effects.
-
18N.3.SL.TZ0.13a:
State which species could be found in mildly polluted water.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13b: State the name given to organisms whose presence or absence reflects an environmental condition.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13c: Distinguish between richness and evenness as components of biodiversity.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13d: Explain how edge effects can influence biodiversity in a region.
-
18N.3.SL.TZ0.a:
State which species could be found in mildly polluted water.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.b: State the name given to organisms whose presence or absence reflects an environmental condition.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.c: Distinguish between richness and evenness as components of biodiversity.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.d: Explain how edge effects can influence biodiversity in a region.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15a: Identify the group that is most intolerant to pollution.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15b.i: Deduce the meaning of ni in this formula.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15b.ii: Deduce the meaning of ai in this formula.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15c: Outline how organisms in Group V could be used to measure pollution in an environment.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.a: Identify the group that is most intolerant to pollution.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.b.i: Deduce the meaning of ni in this formula.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.b.ii: Deduce the meaning of ai in this formula.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.c: Outline how organisms in Group V could be used to measure pollution in an environment.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.11a: From the data, identify the depth along the transect where the greatest species richness is...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.11b: Outline the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral reef species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.a: From the data, identify the depth along the transect where the greatest species richness is...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.b: Outline the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral reef species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.12: Outline one example of an active management strategy employed in the context of in situ...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16b: Distinguish between ex situ and in situ conservation of endangered species.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.b: Distinguish between ex situ and in situ conservation of endangered species.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12a:
Outline how the data could have been obtained.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12b:
Describe the distribution of C. montagui and S. balanoides barnacles in Butter Lump Bay.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12c:
E. modestus is an invasive barnacle while the others are native species. Analyse the data to show how it supports this statement.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.12d: State one abiotic factor that could have determined the distribution of barnacles.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.12e:
Barnacles are sensitive to pollution. Outline how it might be possible to use these organisms as indicator species.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.a:
Outline how the data could have been obtained.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.b:
Describe the distribution of C. montagui and S. balanoides barnacles in Butter Lump Bay.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.c:
E. modestus is an invasive barnacle while the others are native species. Analyse the data to show how it supports this statement.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.d: State one abiotic factor that could have determined the distribution of barnacles.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.e:
Barnacles are sensitive to pollution. Outline how it might be possible to use these organisms as indicator species.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.14a: State two abiotic factors that are increased in the fragmented forest with respect to the centre...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.14b: Explain the likely effects on biodiversity if a forest becomes fragmented.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.a: State two abiotic factors that are increased in the fragmented forest with respect to the centre...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.b: Explain the likely effects on biodiversity if a forest becomes fragmented.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.17:
Outline a named example of the captive breeding and reintroduction of an endangered animal species.