C2.2. Neural signalling

The diagram shows a motor neuron.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

What are the biochemical nature and function of the myelin sheath?

A. The myelin sheath is mainly protein which allows growth of the axon.

B. The myelin sheath is mainly protein which acts as membrane carriers.

C. The myelin sheath is mainly lipid which allows saltatory conduction.

D. The myelin sheath is mainly lipid which provides an energy source.

The diagram shows a motor neuron.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

What are the biochemical nature and function of the myelin sheath?

A. The myelin sheath is mainly protein which allows growth of the axon.

B. The myelin sheath is mainly protein which acts as membrane carriers.

C. The myelin sheath is mainly lipid which allows saltatory conduction.

D. The myelin sheath is mainly lipid which provides an energy source.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

The diagram shows a graph of an action potential.

Outline the role of membrane proteins in the movement of specific ions at specific times in the transmission of nerve impulses.

Outline the role of membrane proteins in the movement of specific ions at specific times in the transmission of nerve impulses.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

The diagram shows a graph of an action potential.

Outline the role of membrane proteins in the movement of specific ions at specific times in the transmission of nerve impulses.

Outline the role of membrane proteins in the movement of specific ions at specific times in the transmission of nerve impulses.

The diagram shows a motor neuron.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

What are the biochemical nature and function of the myelin sheath?

A. The myelin sheath is mainly protein which allows growth of the axon.

B. The myelin sheath is mainly protein which acts as membrane carriers.

C. The myelin sheath is mainly lipid which allows saltatory conduction.

D. The myelin sheath is mainly lipid which provides an energy source.

The electron micrograph shows a transverse section through a myelinated neuron.

The diagram shows a motor neuron.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

What are the biochemical nature and function of the myelin sheath?

A. The myelin sheath is mainly protein which allows growth of the axon.

B. The myelin sheath is mainly protein which acts as membrane carriers.

C. The myelin sheath is mainly lipid which allows saltatory conduction.

D. The myelin sheath is mainly lipid which provides an energy source.

The electron micrograph shows a transverse section through a myelinated neuron.

Explain how communication between neurons during synaptic transmission is achieved through neurotransmitters.

Explain how communication between neurons during synaptic transmission is achieved through neurotransmitters.

Explain how a nerve impulse is passed on to other neurons.

Outline how depolarization of the membrane of an axon occurs.

Explain how communication between neurons during synaptic transmission is achieved through neurotransmitters.

Explain how a nerve impulse is passed on to other neurons.

Explain how a nerve impulse is passed on to other neurons.

Explain how a nerve impulse is passed on to other neurons.

Explain how a nerve impulse is passed on to other neurons.

Explain how a nerve impulse is passed on to other neurons.

Explain how a nerve impulse is passed on to other neurons.

Explain how a nerve impulse is passed on to other neurons.

Explain how a nerve impulse is passed on to other neurons.

Explain how a nerve impulse is passed on to other neurons.

Explain how a nerve impulse is passed on to other neurons.

Outline how depolarization of the membrane of an axon occurs.

Outline how depolarization of the membrane of an axon occurs.

Explain how communication between neurons during synaptic transmission is achieved through neurotransmitters.

Explain how acetylcholine initiates an action potential in a postsynaptic membrane.

Explain how communication between neurons during synaptic transmission is achieved through neurotransmitters.

Explain how acetylcholine initiates an action potential in a postsynaptic membrane.

Explain how acetylcholine initiates an action potential in a postsynaptic membrane.

Explain how communication between neurons during synaptic transmission is achieved through neurotransmitters.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Describe what occurs in a neuron when an action potential is propagated along the axon.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Y is the threshold potential. State what happens when the threshold potential is reached.

Describe the movements in ions that occur during time t.

Describe what occurs in a neuron when an action potential is propagated along the axon.

Describe what occurs in a neuron when an action potential is propagated along the axon.

Explain the propagation of nerve impulses along the membrane of a neuron.

Describe what occurs in a neuron when an action potential is propagated along the axon.

Explain the propagation of nerve impulses along the membrane of a neuron.

Explain the propagation of nerve impulses along the membrane of a neuron.

Describe what occurs in a neuron when an action potential is propagated along the axon.

Describe what occurs in a neuron when an action potential is propagated along the axon.

State the approximate value of the membrane potential at X.

State the approximate value of the membrane potential at X.

State the approximate value of the membrane potential at X.

State the approximate value of the membrane potential at X.

State the approximate value of the membrane potential at X.

State the approximate value of the membrane potential at X.

State the approximate value of the membrane potential at X.

State the approximate value of the membrane potential at X.

State the approximate value of the membrane potential at X.

State the approximate value of the membrane potential at X.

State the approximate value of the membrane potential at X.

Describe the effect of neonicotinoid pesticides on the nervous system of insects.

Compare and contrast the cumulative increase in mass of the three groups of colonies once they were placed in the field.

Using the data in the graph, predict how the use of neonicotinoid pesticides will affect bumblebee populations.

Describe the overall effects of low and high doses of neonicotinoid on the egg lengths of all four species.

Deduce, based on the data presented, whether the levels of neonicotinoids used in agriculture cause direct harm to B. terrestris.

Using the data, outline the different use of thiamethoxam in North and South America.

Identify the total percentage of honey samples contaminated with neonicotinoid pesticides in the continent with the lowest overall levels of contamination.

. . . . . . . . . . . . %

Deduce the conclusions that can be drawn from the data in the graph.

Suggest a reason for the effect of a diet reduced in acetylcholine on the larval survival rate.

Compare and contrast the effect of clothianidin and thiacloprid treatments on the concentration of acetylcholine in royal jelly.

Explain how neonicotinoids affect synaptic transmission in insects.

The diagram shows a neural synapse in the central nervous system of a honey bee (Apis mellifera).

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

How do neonicotinoid pesticides cause paralysis and death of honey bees?

A. They destroy I.

B. They bind to II.

C. They inhibit the release of III.

D. They block the activity of IV.

Explain the action of neonicotinoid pesticides in insects.

Describe the effect of neonicotinoid pesticides on the nervous system of insects.

Compare and contrast the cumulative increase in mass of the three groups of colonies once they were placed in the field.

Using the data in the graph, predict how the use of neonicotinoid pesticides will affect bumblebee populations.

Describe the overall effects of low and high doses of neonicotinoid on the egg lengths of all four species.

Deduce, based on the data presented, whether the levels of neonicotinoids used in agriculture cause direct harm to B. terrestris.

Describe the effect of neonicotinoid pesticides on the nervous system of insects.

Compare and contrast the cumulative increase in mass of the three groups of colonies once they were placed in the field.

Using the data in the graph, predict how the use of neonicotinoid pesticides will affect bumblebee populations.

Describe the overall effects of low and high doses of neonicotinoid on the egg lengths of all four species.

Deduce, based on the data presented, whether the levels of neonicotinoids used in agriculture cause direct harm to B. terrestris.

Describe the effect of neonicotinoid pesticides on the nervous system of insects.

Compare and contrast the cumulative increase in mass of the three groups of colonies once they were placed in the field.

Using the data in the graph, predict how the use of neonicotinoid pesticides will affect bumblebee populations.

Describe the overall effects of low and high doses of neonicotinoid on the egg lengths of all four species.

Deduce, based on the data presented, whether the levels of neonicotinoids used in agriculture cause direct harm to B. terrestris.

Describe the effect of neonicotinoid pesticides on the nervous system of insects.

Compare and contrast the cumulative increase in mass of the three groups of colonies once they were placed in the field.

Using the data in the graph, predict how the use of neonicotinoid pesticides will affect bumblebee populations.

Describe the overall effects of low and high doses of neonicotinoid on the egg lengths of all four species.

Deduce, based on the data presented, whether the levels of neonicotinoids used in agriculture cause direct harm to B. terrestris.

Describe the effect of neonicotinoid pesticides on the nervous system of insects.

Compare and contrast the cumulative increase in mass of the three groups of colonies once they were placed in the field.

Using the data in the graph, predict how the use of neonicotinoid pesticides will affect bumblebee populations.

Describe the overall effects of low and high doses of neonicotinoid on the egg lengths of all four species.

Deduce, based on the data presented, whether the levels of neonicotinoids used in agriculture cause direct harm to B. terrestris.

Describe the effect of neonicotinoid pesticides on the nervous system of insects.

Compare and contrast the cumulative increase in mass of the three groups of colonies once they were placed in the field.

Using the data in the graph, predict how the use of neonicotinoid pesticides will affect bumblebee populations.

Describe the overall effects of low and high doses of neonicotinoid on the egg lengths of all four species.

Deduce, based on the data presented, whether the levels of neonicotinoids used in agriculture cause direct harm to B. terrestris.

Describe the effect of neonicotinoid pesticides on the nervous system of insects.

Compare and contrast the cumulative increase in mass of the three groups of colonies once they were placed in the field.

Using the data in the graph, predict how the use of neonicotinoid pesticides will affect bumblebee populations.

Describe the overall effects of low and high doses of neonicotinoid on the egg lengths of all four species.

Deduce, based on the data presented, whether the levels of neonicotinoids used in agriculture cause direct harm to B. terrestris.

Describe the effect of neonicotinoid pesticides on the nervous system of insects.

Compare and contrast the cumulative increase in mass of the three groups of colonies once they were placed in the field.

Using the data in the graph, predict how the use of neonicotinoid pesticides will affect bumblebee populations.

Describe the overall effects of low and high doses of neonicotinoid on the egg lengths of all four species.

Deduce, based on the data presented, whether the levels of neonicotinoids used in agriculture cause direct harm to B. terrestris.

Describe the effect of neonicotinoid pesticides on the nervous system of insects.

Compare and contrast the cumulative increase in mass of the three groups of colonies once they were placed in the field.

Using the data in the graph, predict how the use of neonicotinoid pesticides will affect bumblebee populations.

Describe the overall effects of low and high doses of neonicotinoid on the egg lengths of all four species.

Deduce, based on the data presented, whether the levels of neonicotinoids used in agriculture cause direct harm to B. terrestris.

Describe the effect of neonicotinoid pesticides on the nervous system of insects.

Compare and contrast the cumulative increase in mass of the three groups of colonies once they were placed in the field.

Using the data in the graph, predict how the use of neonicotinoid pesticides will affect bumblebee populations.

Describe the overall effects of low and high doses of neonicotinoid on the egg lengths of all four species.

Deduce, based on the data presented, whether the levels of neonicotinoids used in agriculture cause direct harm to B. terrestris.

Using the data, outline the different use of thiamethoxam in North and South America.

Identify the total percentage of honey samples contaminated with neonicotinoid pesticides in the continent with the lowest overall levels of contamination.

. . . . . . . . . . . . %

Deduce the conclusions that can be drawn from the data in the graph.

Suggest a reason for the effect of a diet reduced in acetylcholine on the larval survival rate.

Compare and contrast the effect of clothianidin and thiacloprid treatments on the concentration of acetylcholine in royal jelly.

Explain how neonicotinoids affect synaptic transmission in insects.

Using the data, outline the different use of thiamethoxam in North and South America.

Identify the total percentage of honey samples contaminated with neonicotinoid pesticides in the continent with the lowest overall levels of contamination.

. . . . . . . . . . . . %

Deduce the conclusions that can be drawn from the data in the graph.

Suggest a reason for the effect of a diet reduced in acetylcholine on the larval survival rate.

Compare and contrast the effect of clothianidin and thiacloprid treatments on the concentration of acetylcholine in royal jelly.

Explain how neonicotinoids affect synaptic transmission in insects.

The diagram shows a neural synapse in the central nervous system of a honey bee (Apis mellifera).

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

How do neonicotinoid pesticides cause paralysis and death of honey bees?

A. They destroy I.

B. They bind to II.

C. They inhibit the release of III.

D. They block the activity of IV.

Explain the action of neonicotinoid pesticides in insects.

Explain the action of neonicotinoid pesticides in insects.