C4.1.11. Herbivory, predation, interspecific competition, mutualism, parasitism and pathogenicity as categories of interspecific relationship within communities

A hummingbird is shown visiting a large flower.

[Source: Nussbaumer, R./Naturepl.com, n.d. Black chinned hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri). Available at:
https://www.naturepl.com/stock-photo/black-chinned-hummingbird-archilochus-alexandri-male-feeding-at-sageflower/search/detail-0_01140572.html.]

What makes this a mutualistic relationship?

A.  The bird feeds on nectar and transfers pollen to the stamen of a flower of the same species.

B.  The bird obtains nutrients and the plant is assisted with pollination for sexual reproduction.

C.  The bird requires pollen as a protein source and, while obtaining this, disperses seeds for the plant.

D.  The bird transfers pollen to the stigma of flowers of a different species while feeding.

A hummingbird is shown visiting a large flower.

[Source: Nussbaumer, R./Naturepl.com, n.d. Black chinned hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri). Available at:
https://www.naturepl.com/stock-photo/black-chinned-hummingbird-archilochus-alexandri-male-feeding-at-sageflower/search/detail-0_01140572.html.]

What makes this a mutualistic relationship?

A.  The bird feeds on nectar and transfers pollen to the stamen of a flower of the same species.

B.  The bird obtains nutrients and the plant is assisted with pollination for sexual reproduction.

C.  The bird requires pollen as a protein source and, while obtaining this, disperses seeds for the plant.

D.  The bird transfers pollen to the stigma of flowers of a different species while feeding.

Black walnut (Juglans nigra) secretes the chemical juglone into the soil surrounding its roots. Juglone inhibits cell respiration in other species of plants. What does this example illustrate?

A.  Mutualism

B.  Intraspecific competition

C.  Allelopathy

D.  Parasitism

Black walnut (Juglans nigra) secretes the chemical juglone into the soil surrounding its roots. Juglone inhibits cell respiration in other species of plants. What does this example illustrate?

A.  Mutualism

B.  Intraspecific competition

C.  Allelopathy

D.  Parasitism

Black walnut (Juglans nigra) secretes the chemical juglone into the soil surrounding its roots. Juglone inhibits cell respiration in other species of plants. What does this example illustrate?

A.  Mutualism

B.  Intraspecific competition

C.  Allelopathy

D.  Parasitism

Black walnut (Juglans nigra) secretes the chemical juglone into the soil surrounding its roots. Juglone inhibits cell respiration in other species of plants. What does this example illustrate?

A.  Mutualism

B.  Intraspecific competition

C.  Allelopathy

D.  Parasitism