Structure 1.2—The nuclear atom

The stable isotope of rhenium contains 110 neutrons.

State the nuclear symbol notation ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$ for this isotope.

What is represented by A in ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}^{2-}$?

A. Number of electrons

B. Number of neutrons

C. Number of nucleons

D. Number of protons

Which is correct for ${}_{16}^{34}{\text{S}}^{2-}$?

Which is correct for ${}_{16}^{34}{\text{S}}^{2-}$?

State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$, for iron-54.

What is represented by ^“2−” in ${}_{\mathrm{Z}}{}^{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{X}^{2-}$?

A.  loss of electron

B.  gain of electron

C.  loss of proton

D.  gain of proton

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.

Which species has two more neutrons than electrons?

${}_3{}^{6}L{i}^{+}$             ${}_4{}^{9}B{e}^{2+}$             ${}_{11}{}^{23}N{a}^{+}$             ${}_{20}{}^{42}C{a}^{2+}$

A.  ${}_3{}^{6}L{i}^{+}$

B.  ${}_4{}^{9}B{e}^{2+}$

C.  ${}_{11}{}^{23}N{a}^{+}$

D.  ${}_{20}{}^{42}C{a}^{2+}$

Which quantities are different between two species represented by the notation ${}_{52}{}^{128}\text{Te}$ and ${}_{53}{}^{128}\text{I}$⁻?

A.  The number of protons only

B.  The number of protons and electrons only

C.  The number of protons and neutrons only

D.  The number of protons, neutrons and electrons

The stable isotope of rhenium contains 110 neutrons.

State the nuclear symbol notation ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$ for this isotope.

The stable isotope of rhenium contains 110 neutrons.

State the nuclear symbol notation ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$ for this isotope.

What is represented by A in ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}^{2-}$?

A. Number of electrons

B. Number of neutrons

C. Number of nucleons

D. Number of protons

Which is correct for ${}_{16}^{34}{\text{S}}^{2-}$?

Which is correct for ${}_{16}^{34}{\text{S}}^{2-}$?

State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$, for iron-54.

State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$, for iron-54.

What is represented by ^“2−” in ${}_{\mathrm{Z}}{}^{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{X}^{2-}$?

A.  loss of electron

B.  gain of electron

C.  loss of proton

D.  gain of proton

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.

Which species has two more neutrons than electrons?

${}_3{}^{6}L{i}^{+}$             ${}_4{}^{9}B{e}^{2+}$             ${}_{11}{}^{23}N{a}^{+}$             ${}_{20}{}^{42}C{a}^{2+}$

A.  ${}_3{}^{6}L{i}^{+}$

B.  ${}_4{}^{9}B{e}^{2+}$

C.  ${}_{11}{}^{23}N{a}^{+}$

D.  ${}_{20}{}^{42}C{a}^{2+}$

Which quantities are different between two species represented by the notation ${}_{52}{}^{128}\text{Te}$ and ${}_{53}{}^{128}\text{I}$⁻?

A.  The number of protons only

B.  The number of protons and electrons only

C.  The number of protons and neutrons only

D.  The number of protons, neutrons and electrons

Predict, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of ¹⁵N compares with that of ¹⁴N.

Predict, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of ¹⁵N compares with that of ¹⁴N.

What is the relative atomic mass of a sample of chlorine containing 70 % of the ³⁵Cl isotope and 30 % of the ³⁷Cl isotope?

A.  35.4

B.  35.5

C.  35.6

D.  35.7

Predict, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of ¹⁵N compares with that of ¹⁴N.

Predict, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of ¹⁵N compares with that of ¹⁴N.

Predict, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of ¹⁵N compares with that of ¹⁴N.

Predict, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of ¹⁵N compares with that of ¹⁴N.

What is the relative atomic mass of a sample of chlorine containing 70 % of the ³⁵Cl isotope and 30 % of the ³⁷Cl isotope?

A.  35.4

B.  35.5

C.  35.6

D.  35.7

Naturally occurring gallium consists of the isotopes ⁷¹Ga and ⁶⁹Ga. What is the approximate percentage abundance of ⁶⁹Ga?

M_r(Ga) = 69.72.

A.  40 %

B.  50 %

C.  60 %

D.  75 %

Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.

What is the relative atomic mass, $A_{\mathrm{r}}$, of an element with this mass spectrum?

A.  $24.0$

B.  $24.3$

C.  $24.9$

D.  $25.0$

What can be deduced from the mass spectrum of CH₃COCH₂CH₂CH₃?

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2021 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. 2-Pentanone Mass Spectrum, MS Number 291264. [graph] Available at: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C107879&Units=SI&Mask=200#Mass-Spec2-pentanone [Accessed 4 May 2020]. source adapted.

A.  The molar mass is 43 g mol⁻¹.

B.  The atoms have many isotopes.

C.  The most likely bond to break is C–C between carbons 2 and 3.

D.  The signal with the largest mass is due to the oxidation of the ketone in the spectrometer.

What is the relative molecular mass of bromine, according to the following mass spectrum?

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

A.  $\frac{158\times 52+160\times 100+162\times 48}{52+100+48}$

B.  $\frac{158\times 52+160\times 100+162\times 48}{158+160+162}$

C.  $\frac{79\times 11+81\times 11+158\times 52+160\times 100+162\times 48}{11+11+52+100+48}$

D.  $\frac{79\times 11+81\times 11}{11+11}$

Naturally occurring gallium consists of the isotopes ⁷¹Ga and ⁶⁹Ga. What is the approximate percentage abundance of ⁶⁹Ga?

M_r(Ga) = 69.72.

A.  40 %

B.  50 %

C.  60 %

D.  75 %

Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.

Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.

What is the relative atomic mass, $A_{\mathrm{r}}$, of an element with this mass spectrum?

A.  $24.0$

B.  $24.3$

C.  $24.9$

D.  $25.0$

What can be deduced from the mass spectrum of CH₃COCH₂CH₂CH₃?

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2021 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. 2-Pentanone Mass Spectrum, MS Number 291264. [graph] Available at: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C107879&Units=SI&Mask=200#Mass-Spec2-pentanone [Accessed 4 May 2020]. source adapted.

A.  The molar mass is 43 g mol⁻¹.

B.  The atoms have many isotopes.

C.  The most likely bond to break is C–C between carbons 2 and 3.

D.  The signal with the largest mass is due to the oxidation of the ketone in the spectrometer.

What is the relative molecular mass of bromine, according to the following mass spectrum?

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

A.  $\frac{158\times 52+160\times 100+162\times 48}{52+100+48}$

B.  $\frac{158\times 52+160\times 100+162\times 48}{158+160+162}$

C.  $\frac{79\times 11+81\times 11+158\times 52+160\times 100+162\times 48}{11+11+52+100+48}$

D.  $\frac{79\times 11+81\times 11}{11+11}$