Reactivity 3.3.3—Radicals take part in substitution reactions with alkanes, producing a mixture of products. Explain, using equations, the propagation and termination steps in the reactions between alkanes and halogens.

Methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight.

CH₄ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → CH₃Cl (g) + HCl (g)

Which type of reaction occurs?

A. free-radical substitution

B. electrophilic substitution

C. nucleophilic substitution

D. electrophilic addition

Methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight.

CH₄ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → CH₃Cl (g) + HCl (g)

Which type of reaction occurs?

A. free-radical substitution

B. electrophilic substitution

C. nucleophilic substitution

D. electrophilic addition

Methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight.

CH₄ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → CH₃Cl (g) + HCl (g)

Which type of reaction occurs?

A. free-radical substitution

B. electrophilic substitution

C. nucleophilic substitution

D. electrophilic addition

Methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight.

CH₄ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → CH₃Cl (g) + HCl (g)

Which type of reaction occurs?

A. free-radical substitution

B. electrophilic substitution

C. nucleophilic substitution

D. electrophilic addition

Methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight.

CH₄ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → CH₃Cl (g) + HCl (g)

Which type of reaction occurs?

A. free-radical substitution

B. electrophilic substitution

C. nucleophilic substitution

D. electrophilic addition

Methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight.

CH₄ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → CH₃Cl (g) + HCl (g)

Which type of reaction occurs?

A. free-radical substitution

B. electrophilic substitution

C. nucleophilic substitution

D. electrophilic addition

Methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight.

CH₄ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → CH₃Cl (g) + HCl (g)

Which type of reaction occurs?

A. free-radical substitution

B. electrophilic substitution

C. nucleophilic substitution

D. electrophilic addition

Methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight.

CH₄ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → CH₃Cl (g) + HCl (g)

Which type of reaction occurs?

A. free-radical substitution

B. electrophilic substitution

C. nucleophilic substitution

D. electrophilic addition

Which is a propagation step in the free-radical substitution mechanism of ethane with chlorine?

A.  C$\text{l}$₂ → 2 •C$\text{l}$

B.  •C₂H₅ + C$\text{l}$₂ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$ + •C$\text{l}$

C.  •C₂H₅ + •C$\text{l}$ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$

D.  C₂H₆ + •C$\text{l}$ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$ + •H

Which is a propagation step in the free-radical substitution mechanism of ethane with chlorine?

A.  C$\text{l}$₂ → 2 •C$\text{l}$

B.  •C₂H₅ + C$\text{l}$₂ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$ + •C$\text{l}$

C.  •C₂H₅ + •C$\text{l}$ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$

D.  C₂H₆ + •C$\text{l}$ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$ + •H

Which is a propagation step in the free-radical substitution mechanism of ethane with chlorine?

A.  C$\text{l}$₂ → 2 •C$\text{l}$

B.  •C₂H₅ + C$\text{l}$₂ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$ + •C$\text{l}$

C.  •C₂H₅ + •C$\text{l}$ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$

D.  C₂H₆ + •C$\text{l}$ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$ + •H

Which is a propagation step in the free-radical substitution mechanism of ethane with chlorine?

A.  C$\text{l}$₂ → 2 •C$\text{l}$

B.  •C₂H₅ + C$\text{l}$₂ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$ + •C$\text{l}$

C.  •C₂H₅ + •C$\text{l}$ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$

D.  C₂H₆ + •C$\text{l}$ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$ + •H

Which reaction involves homolytic fission?

A.  CH₄ + Cl₂

B.  CH₃Br + NaOH

C.  (CH₃)₃CBr + NaOH

D.  C₆H₆ + HNO₃ + H₂SO₄

Which reaction involves homolytic fission?

A.  CH₄ + Cl₂

B.  CH₃Br + NaOH

C.  (CH₃)₃CBr + NaOH

D.  C₆H₆ + HNO₃ + H₂SO₄

Which reaction involves homolytic fission?

A.  CH₄ + Cl₂

B.  CH₃Br + NaOH

C.  (CH₃)₃CBr + NaOH

D.  C₆H₆ + HNO₃ + H₂SO₄

Which reaction involves homolytic fission?

A.  CH₄ + Cl₂

B.  CH₃Br + NaOH

C.  (CH₃)₃CBr + NaOH

D.  C₆H₆ + HNO₃ + H₂SO₄