- Summary list for 9.4 Reproduction in plants
- Mindmaps
- Exam style question about plant reproduction
- Model answer
- Exam style question about drawing an angiosperm flower
- Model answer
- Model answer
- Multiple choice questions
- 9.4 Plant reproduction 1/1
In this topic the need for flowers and pollination is explored quite simply. The parts of a flower, the processes of pollination and fertilisation as well as seed dispersal and germination are included. The mutualistic relationships between pollinators and flowers is interested to consider as well well as the phytochrome mechanism of stimulating flowering.Learn and test your biological vocabulary using these 9.4 Reproduction in plants flashcards.
Summary list for 9.4 Reproduction in plants
- Flowering involves a change in gene expression in the shoot apex which is a response to the length of light and dark periods in many plants
- Outline details of the processes of pollination, fertilization and seed dispersal which are needed for success in plant reproduction.
- Most flowering plants use mutualistic relationships with pollinators in sexual
reproduction. - Methods used to induce short-day plants to flower out of season such as chrysanthemums, use long uninterrupted nights rather than short day
Skills
- Draw internal structure of seeds.
- Draw half-views of animal-pollinated flowers.
- Design of experiments to test hypotheses about factors affecting germination.
Mindmaps
These diagram summaries cover the main sections of topic 9.4 Reproduction in plants.
Study them and draw your own list or concept map, from memory if you can.
Try to turn the simple mindmap into the detailed mindmap from memory.
Exam style question about plant reproduction
Explaining the effect of auxin on plant growth is an important skill from this topic.
Answer the question below, on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.
Outline the processes of pollination and fertilization in plant reproduction [4]
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Click the + icon to see a model answer.
Test yourself
Multiple choice questions
This is a self marking quiz containing questions covering the topic outlined above.
Try the questions to check your understanding.
START QUIZ!
The image below shows some details of pollination and feeding between humming birds and columbine flowers.
What is the term used to describe this kind of relationship?
A relationship where both species benefit is called mutualism.
Almost all examples of pollination by animals isi an example of this.
Which statement best distinguishes between fertilisation and pollination?
Pollination, as the name suggests is the transfer of pollen, from anthers to stigma.
What are the functions of structure A and structure B shown in the photograph of a flower below?
A: produces pollen. B: is the where pollen attaches to in pollination.
The diagram below shows a flowering plant and two structures labelled A and B.
What are the names of these structures?
The stigma is the surface which receives pollen when insects pass, looking or nectar at the base of the flower.
What biological process happens in the tip of shoots for plants to begin flowering?
Flowering is promoted by the length of periods of darkness and light.
These are detected by phytochromes.
Flowering is stimulated by a change in gene expression caused by phytochromes.
The illustration below shows a flower from a cherry tree.
Which of the answers correctly give labels for A and B
The ovary is the part labelled B Ovules will be found inside the ovary.
The stigma is the top of the style, it's size and shape is variable between species of flower.
The success of reproduction in plants depends on four processes.
Which of the following answers lists the processes in the correct order.
The correct order is pollination, Fertilisation, Seed dispersal germination
A student has carried out a germination experiment.
The radical can be seen in 19 of the seeds, but not in 3 of them.
What is the % germination?
19out of 22 seeds is 19/22*100% = 86%
In the diagram of a broad bean seed below four structures are labelled.
Which of the following options correctly labels the parts of the seed?
A=plumule, B=seed coat, C=embryo root/radicle, D=cotyledon are the correct labels.
In an investigation of the factors which influence germination of seeds, a packets of seeds were planted in different conditions of pH, ranging from pH 5 to 8.
Which of the following statements is a conclusion which could be made from the data?
100% of seeds in pH 7 and pH 8 have germinated, but some seeds germinated in pH6 and 8 too.
The seeds in pH7 have the longest roots, suggesting they have germinated more quickly.
In an investigation of the factors which influence germination of seeds, a packets of seeds were planted in different conditions of pH, ranging from pH 5 to 8.
Which of the following statements is a valid limitation of the data?
It is possible that the density of the seeds could affect germination, as more seeds might require more water, for example. This is a valid limitation.
The experiment should have the same number, is not a limitation, it's a suggestion of improvement.
Lining up the seeds may control some factor, and the colour of the seeds is unlikely to have any effect, although it may indicate genetic differences between seeds. Difficult to control.
In an investigation of the factors which influence germination of seeds, a packets of seeds were planted in different conditions of pH, ranging from pH 5 to 8.
Why is it necessary in this experiment to calculate the percentage of seeds germinating?
A short day plants flower when the nights are long.
Phytochrome pigments regulate this response.
What happens to Pfr when it is placed in darkness and how does this affect short day plants?
Exposure to light causes Pr to be converted to Pfr but in the darkness, the Pfr is converted to Pr. Pfr inhibits short day plants from flowering.
A short day plants flower when the nights are long and the days are short.
Phytochrome pigments regulate this response.
How does Pfr affect flowering in short day plants when the days are long?
A short day plant is also a long night plant. In fact it is the long night which stimulates flowering
Exposure to light causes Pr to be converted to Pfr
Pfr inhibits short day plants from flowering, so as days are long there is lots of Pfr
Pfr is converted to Pr in darkness. But during seasons with long days (summer) there always remains some Pfr in the plant.
Drag and drop activities
Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.
An investigation was carried out to determine whether red or blue wavelengths of visible light affect the rate of germination of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seeds.
Drag and drop the correct word into the gap to outline the variables of an investigation into germination.
aerobic energy radicle humidity Age Number absorbed Independent intensity Temperature Volume light
variable:
Wavelength of .
Dependent variable:
Time in hours of the emergence of the on germination.
Controlled variables:
of seeds in each condition.
Light .
(affects enzyme activity).
of water (is by the seed).
Oxygen (for respiration).
of seeds (older seeds may be less viable).
Explanation: A variable must be able to be measured, the dependent variable is not germination but the time taken to germinate.
Everyone needs a bit of fun while they revise. Try this plant reproduction card matching game.
Can you reach the leader board?
How much of Reproduction in plants 9.4 HL have you understood?
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