Practice Paper 2

This question is about the specific heat capacity of an ideal gas.

Xenon–131 behaves as an ideal gas over a large range of temperatures and pressures.

[1]

[2]

[2]

The volume of the sealed container is 0.054 m³.

One end of the container is replaced with a moveable piston. The piston is compressed until the pressure of the container is 67000 Pa.

An experiment to determine the charge on an electron is shown.   

Negatively charged oil drops are sprayed into a region above two parallel metal plates which are separated by a distance, d. The oil drops enter the region between the plates.

A potential difference V is applied which causes an electric field to be set up between the plates.

(i)

Using the sketch below, which shows one oil drop falling between the plates, show the electric field between the plates.

[1]

(ii)

Hence or otherwise explain why the oil drop stops falling when V is increased.

[2]

The oil drop has mass = m and charge = q. The distance between the plates = 2.5 cm.

The oil drop stops falling when potential difference, V = 5000 V

Two oil drops are suspended between the plates at the same time. The oil drops can be considered as identical point charges with mass 1 × 10⁻¹³ kg which are spaced 2.2 mm apart.

For the oil drops in part (c)

Transitions between three energy levels in a particular atom give rise to three spectral lines. In decreasing magnitudes, these are , and .

The equation which relates , and  is:

Explain, including through the use of a sketch, how this equation relates ,  and .

[3]

A different atom has a complete line emission spectra with a ground state energy of  –10.0 eV. is:

The diagram shows the appearance of a stationary wave on a stretched string at one instant in time. In the position shown each part of the string is at a maximum displacement. 

In the diagram from part (a), the frequency of vibration is 240 Hz. 

The speed of the transverse waves along the string is 55 m s⁻¹. 

A manufacturing company is looking to revolutionise the way water can be heated in the home. Fuels can be compared using energy density and specific energy.

Kerosene is a clean and cost−effective energy source for heating water. The specific energy of Kerosene is 48 × 10⁶ J kg⁻¹ and the energy density is 3.3 × 10¹⁰ J m⁻³. 

A new kettle is being developed that claims to be 75% efficient. 

In a new prototype kettle, claimed to be 95% efficient, 300 000 J of energy is required to raise the temperature of the full kettle of water from room temperature to boiling point. 

An investigation into rectification used the circuit shown.

The investigation continues, using a second circuit.

A bridge rectifier consisting of four ideal diodes is connected to an ac generator with terminals X and Y.

The graph shows the output from an ac generator after undergoing half-wave rectification.

The load resistor has a resistance of 3.6 kΩ. Capacitors of 360 nF and 60 µF are available.

A beam of neutrons is fired normally at a thin foil sheet made from tin. The beam has energy 75 MeV and the first diffraction minimum is observed at an angle of 15^o relative to the central bright fringe.

The tin () foil was replaced by thin aluminium () foil.

[2]

An isotope of tin has a half-life of 129 days. It undergoes beta-minus decay to a meta-stable isotope of antimony.