A planned Mars Rover will be powered using several solar panels each with dimensions of 2700 × 4900 mm. The equipment is tested on Earth at a point where the albedo of Earth’s atmosphere is 0.390. The following additional information is available:
The radiant power of the Sun is 3.90 × 1026 W
The average radius of Earth’s orbit around the Sun is 1.50 × 1011 m
Orbital radius between Mars and the Sun = 2.3 × 1011 m
Absorbed solar radiation on Mars = 493 W m–2
(b)
Determine the ratio
.
Where PM is the power of solar radiation incident on the solar panel on Mars and PE is the power of solar radiation incident on the solar panel on Earth.
Assume that the Sun is at its highest point and the light from the Sun is normally incident on the panel.
A regular cuboid is made up of two materials, P and Q. The cuboid’s dimensions are uniform throughout P and Q. The cylinder is placed in contact with a hot and cold source such that energy is conducted between them.
(a)
State and explain whether the following values are equal for the cylinder:
(i)
The energy flow rates through P and Q.
[1]
(ii)
The temperature difference across P and the temperature difference across Q.
