Question 19N.3.HL.TZ0.20
| Date | November 2019 | Marks available | [Maximum mark: 6] | Reference code | 19N.3.HL.TZ0.20 |
| Level | HL | Paper | 3 | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | Describe, Outline, State | Question number | 20 | Adapted from | N/A |
Liver transplantation is a viable treatment option for end-stage liver disease and acute hepatic failure. The graph below shows the main diseases leading to liver transplants, in three age groups.
[Source: European Liver Transplant Registry. http://www.eltr.org/Overall-indication-and-results.html]
Describe the relationship between age and liver transplants due to cancers.
[1]
as age increases liver transplant due to cancer increases ✔
One of the functions of the liver is to break down hemoglobin.
Describe the breakdown of hemoglobin in the liver.
[3]
a. hemoglobin taken up by Kupffer cells ✔ Do not accept confusion between erythrocytes and hemoglobin.
b. broken down into heme and globins ✔
c. globin hydrolysed/broken down to amino acids ✔
d. iron removed from heme group
OR
heme broken down to form bilirubin/bile pigment ✔
Outline one other function of the liver.
[1]
a. storage of nutrients ✔
b. regulation of blood glucose levels ✔ e.g. glucose to glycogen and vice versa.
c. production/secretion of bile ✔ Do not accept production of bile pigments from hemoglobin in the liver.
d. detoxification ✔
e. synthesis of plasma proteins e.g. albumin ✔
f. synthesis and regulation of cholesterol ✔
Accept only the first answer if more than one are provided.
State one material not produced by the human body that is egested from the digestive system.
[1]
cellulose/lignin/fibre
OR
bacteria ✔