Question 17N.3.HL.TZ0.21
| Date | November 2017 | Marks available | [Maximum mark: 7] | Reference code | 17N.3.HL.TZ0.21 |
| Level | HL | Paper | 3 | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | Distinguish, Explain, State | Question number | 21 | Adapted from | N/A |
Jaundice causes a yellow discolouration of the skin, mucous membranes and sclera of the eyes. State the bile pigment causing this discolouration.
[1]
bilirubin
Explain how the normal production of bile pigments changes with the development of jaundice.
[4]
normal production: [2 max]
a. red blood cells/erythrocytes/hemoglobin broken down «in the liver»
b. hemoglobin/heme «from red blood cells» is converted to bilirubin/bile pigment
c. bilirubin/bile pigment transferred to bile and «normally» eliminated in the feces
change with jaundice:
d. «in jaundice» liver does not excrete/eliminate bilirubin/bile pigments
e. caused by immaturity/dysfunction/disease «of the liver»
OR
blockage of bile ducts
OR
increase in red blood cells breakdown
f. therefore bilirubin/bile pigment accumulates in the blood
[Max 4 Marks]
Distinguish between the structure of liver sinusoids and capillaries.
[2]
a. sinusoids have open pores/fenestrations/discontinuous endothelium and capillary endothelium is continuous/does not contain fenestrations
b. Kupffer cells are located inside sinusoids but not in capillaries
c. sinusoids larger in diameter/wider than capillaries
[Max 2 Marks]