2.1 The nuclear atom

A sample of magnesium has the following isotopic composition.

Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium based on this data, giving your answer to two decimal places.

A sample of magnesium has the following isotopic composition.

Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium based on this data, giving your answer to two decimal places.

A sample of magnesium has the following isotopic composition.

Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium based on this data, giving your answer to two decimal places.

What is the relative molecular mass of bromine, according to the following mass spectrum?

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

A.  $\frac{158\times 52+160\times 100+162\times 48}{52+100+48}$

B.  $\frac{158\times 52+160\times 100+162\times 48}{158+160+162}$

C.  $\frac{79\times 11+81\times 11+158\times 52+160\times 100+162\times 48}{11+11+52+100+48}$

D.  $\frac{79\times 11+81\times 11}{11+11}$

What is the relative molecular mass of bromine, according to the following mass spectrum?

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

A.  $\frac{158\times 52+160\times 100+162\times 48}{52+100+48}$

B.  $\frac{158\times 52+160\times 100+162\times 48}{158+160+162}$

C.  $\frac{79\times 11+81\times 11+158\times 52+160\times 100+162\times 48}{11+11+52+100+48}$

D.  $\frac{79\times 11+81\times 11}{11+11}$

What is represented by ^“2−” in ${}_{\mathrm{Z}}{}^{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{X}^{2-}$?

A.  loss of electron

B.  gain of electron

C.  loss of proton

D.  gain of proton

What is represented by ^“2−” in ${}_{\mathrm{Z}}{}^{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{X}^{2-}$?

A.  loss of electron

B.  gain of electron

C.  loss of proton

D.  gain of proton

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.

Natural uranium needs to be enriched to increase the proportion of ²³⁵U. Suggest a technique that would determine the relative abundances of ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U.

Natural uranium needs to be enriched to increase the proportion of ²³⁵U. Suggest a technique that would determine the relative abundances of ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U.

Natural uranium needs to be enriched to increase the proportion of ²³⁵U. Suggest a technique that would determine the relative abundances of ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U.

Naturally occurring gallium consists of the isotopes ⁷¹Ga and ⁶⁹Ga. What is the approximate percentage abundance of ⁶⁹Ga?

M_r(Ga) = 69.72.

A.  40 %

B.  50 %

C.  60 %

D.  75 %

Naturally occurring gallium consists of the isotopes ⁷¹Ga and ⁶⁹Ga. What is the approximate percentage abundance of ⁶⁹Ga?

M_r(Ga) = 69.72.

A.  40 %

B.  50 %

C.  60 %

D.  75 %

State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$, for iron-54.

State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$, for iron-54.

State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$, for iron-54.

State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N : ¹⁵N.

State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N : ¹⁵N.

State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N : ¹⁵N.

A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.

A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.

A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.

Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.

Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.

Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.

Which is correct for ${}_{16}^{34}{\text{S}}^{2-}$?

Which is correct for ${}_{16}^{34}{\text{S}}^{2-}$?

What is represented by A in ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}^{2-}$?

A. Number of electrons

B. Number of neutrons

C. Number of nucleons

D. Number of protons

What is represented by A in ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}^{2-}$?

A. Number of electrons

B. Number of neutrons

C. Number of nucleons

D. Number of protons

Which quantities are different between two species represented by the notation ${}_{52}{}^{128}\text{Te}$ and ${}_{53}{}^{128}\text{I}$⁻?

A.  The number of protons only

B.  The number of protons and electrons only

C.  The number of protons and neutrons only

D.  The number of protons, neutrons and electrons

Which quantities are different between two species represented by the notation ${}_{52}{}^{128}\text{Te}$ and ${}_{53}{}^{128}\text{I}$⁻?

A.  The number of protons only

B.  The number of protons and electrons only

C.  The number of protons and neutrons only

D.  The number of protons, neutrons and electrons

What is the relative atomic mass of a sample of chlorine containing 70 % of the ³⁵Cl isotope and 30 % of the ³⁷Cl isotope?

A.  35.4

B.  35.5

C.  35.6

D.  35.7

What is the relative atomic mass of a sample of chlorine containing 70 % of the ³⁵Cl isotope and 30 % of the ³⁷Cl isotope?

A.  35.4

B.  35.5

C.  35.6

D.  35.7

The mass spectrum for copper is shown:

^{Source: WebElements, n.d. Copper: isotope data [online] Available at:
https://www.webelements.com/copper/isotopes.html [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

Show how a relative atomic mass of copper of 63.62 can be obtained from this mass spectrum.

The mass spectrum for copper is shown:

^{Source: WebElements, n.d. Copper: isotope data [online] Available at:
https://www.webelements.com/copper/isotopes.html [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

Show how a relative atomic mass of copper of 63.62 can be obtained from this mass spectrum.

The mass spectrum for copper is shown:

^{Source: WebElements, n.d. Copper: isotope data [online] Available at:
https://www.webelements.com/copper/isotopes.html [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

Show how a relative atomic mass of copper of 63.62 can be obtained from this mass spectrum.

The mass spectrum for copper is shown:

^{Source: WebElements, n.d. Copper: isotope data [online] Available at:
https://www.webelements.com/copper/isotopes.html [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

Show how a relative atomic mass of copper of 63.62 can be obtained from this mass spectrum.

The mass spectrum for copper is shown:

^{Source: WebElements, n.d. Copper: isotope data [online] Available at:
https://www.webelements.com/copper/isotopes.html [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

Show how a relative atomic mass of copper of 63.62 can be obtained from this mass spectrum.

The mass spectrum for copper is shown:

^{Source: WebElements, n.d. Copper: isotope data [online] Available at:
https://www.webelements.com/copper/isotopes.html [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

Show how a relative atomic mass of copper of 63.62 can be obtained from this mass spectrum.

Describe how the relative atomic mass of a sample of calcium could be determined from its mass spectrum.

Describe how the relative atomic mass of a sample of calcium could be determined from its mass spectrum.

Describe how the relative atomic mass of a sample of calcium could be determined from its mass spectrum.

Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.

Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.

Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.

The stable isotope of rhenium contains 110 neutrons.

State the nuclear symbol notation ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$ for this isotope.

The stable isotope of rhenium contains 110 neutrons.

State the nuclear symbol notation ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$ for this isotope.

The stable isotope of rhenium contains 110 neutrons.

State the nuclear symbol notation ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$ for this isotope.

Which is correct for ${}_{16}^{34}{\text{S}}^{2-}$?

Which is correct for ${}_{16}^{34}{\text{S}}^{2-}$?

State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$, for iron-54.

State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$, for iron-54.

State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X}$, for iron-54.

State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N:¹⁵N.

State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N:¹⁵N.

State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N:¹⁵N.

A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.

A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.

A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.

What is the relative atomic mass, $A_{\mathrm{r}}$, of an element with this mass spectrum?

A.  $24.0$

B.  $24.3$

C.  $24.9$

D.  $25.0$

What is the relative atomic mass, $A_{\mathrm{r}}$, of an element with this mass spectrum?

A.  $24.0$

B.  $24.3$

C.  $24.9$

D.  $25.0$

The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Outline the reason for the two peaks at $m/z=35$ and $37$.

The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Outline the reason for the two peaks at $m/z=35$ and $37$.

The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Outline the reason for the two peaks at $m/z=35$ and $37$.

Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at $m/z=74$.

Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at $m/z=74$.

Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at $m/z=74$.

The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Outline the reason for the two peaks at $m/z=35$ and $37$.

The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Outline the reason for the two peaks at $m/z=35$ and $37$.

The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Outline the reason for the two peaks at $m/z=35$ and $37$.

Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at $m/z=74$.

Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at $m/z=74$.

Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at $m/z=74$.

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.

Which species has two more neutrons than electrons?

${}_3{}^{6}L{i}^{+}$             ${}_4{}^{9}B{e}^{2+}$             ${}_{11}{}^{23}N{a}^{+}$             ${}_{20}{}^{42}C{a}^{2+}$

A.  ${}_3{}^{6}L{i}^{+}$

B.  ${}_4{}^{9}B{e}^{2+}$

C.  ${}_{11}{}^{23}N{a}^{+}$

D.  ${}_{20}{}^{42}C{a}^{2+}$

Which species has two more neutrons than electrons?

${}_3{}^{6}L{i}^{+}$             ${}_4{}^{9}B{e}^{2+}$             ${}_{11}{}^{23}N{a}^{+}$             ${}_{20}{}^{42}C{a}^{2+}$

A.  ${}_3{}^{6}L{i}^{+}$

B.  ${}_4{}^{9}B{e}^{2+}$

C.  ${}_{11}{}^{23}N{a}^{+}$

D.  ${}_{20}{}^{42}C{a}^{2+}$

Bismuth has atomic number 83. Deduce two pieces of information about the electron configuration of bismuth from its position on the periodic table.

Bismuth has atomic number 83. Deduce two pieces of information about the electron configuration of bismuth from its position on the periodic table.

Bismuth has atomic number 83. Deduce two pieces of information about the electron configuration of bismuth from its position on the periodic table.

Bismuth has atomic number 83. Deduce two pieces of information about the electron configuration of bismuth from its position on the periodic table.

Bismuth has atomic number 83. Deduce two pieces of information about the electron configuration of bismuth from its position on the periodic table.

Bismuth has atomic number 83. Deduce two pieces of information about the electron configuration of bismuth from its position on the periodic table.