DP Chemistry (last assessment 2024)

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Core » Topic 2: Atomic structure

Topic 2: Atomic structure

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Directly related questions

20N.1.sl.TZ0.5:
What is the relative atomic mass, $A_{r}$ , of an element with this mass spectrum?

A.   $24.0$

B.   $24.3$

C.   $24.9$

D.   $25.0$
20N.1.sl.TZ0.5:
What is the relative atomic mass, $A_{r}$ , of an element with this mass spectrum?

A.   $24.0$

B.   $24.3$

C.   $24.9$

D.   $25.0$
20N.1.sl.TZ0.6:
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 4th main energy level in an atom?

A.   $8$

B.   $14$

C.   $18$

D.   $32$
20N.1.sl.TZ0.6:
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 4th main energy level in an atom?

A.   $8$

B.   $14$

C.   $18$

D.   $32$
20N.2.sl.TZ0.1a(i):
State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.
20N.2.sl.TZ0.1a(i):
State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.
20N.2.sl.TZ0.a(i):
State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.
20N.2.sl.TZ0.1a(iv):
The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Outline the reason for the two peaks at $m / z = 35$ and $37$ .
20N.2.sl.TZ0.1a(iv):
The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Outline the reason for the two peaks at $m / z = 35$ and $37$ .
20N.2.sl.TZ0.a(iv):
The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Outline the reason for the two peaks at $m / z = 35$ and $37$ .
17N.2.hl.TZ0.2b: Outline how this spectrum is related to the energy levels in the hydrogen atom.
17N.2.hl.TZ0.2b: Outline how this spectrum is related to the energy levels in the hydrogen atom.
17N.2.hl.TZ0.b: Outline how this spectrum is related to the energy levels in the hydrogen atom.
17N.2.hl.TZ0.2c:
A sample of magnesium has the following isotopic composition.

Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium based on this data, giving your answer to two decimal places.
17N.2.hl.TZ0.2c:
A sample of magnesium has the following isotopic composition.

Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium based on this data, giving your answer to two decimal places.
17N.2.hl.TZ0.c:
A sample of magnesium has the following isotopic composition.

Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium based on this data, giving your answer to two decimal places.
17N.1.sl.TZ0.5: What is the number of protons and the number of neutrons in 131I?
17N.1.sl.TZ0.5: What is the number of protons and the number of neutrons in 131I?
17N.1.sl.TZ0.6:
Which is the electron configuration of a chromium atom in the ground state?

A. [Ne]3s²3p⁶4s¹3d⁴

B. [Ar]3d³

C. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁴

D. [Ar]4s¹3d⁵
17N.1.sl.TZ0.6:
Which is the electron configuration of a chromium atom in the ground state?

A. [Ne]3s²3p⁶4s¹3d⁴

B. [Ar]3d³

C. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁴

D. [Ar]4s¹3d⁵
17N.2.sl.TZ0.2d: Describe the emission spectrum of hydrogen.
17N.2.sl.TZ0.2d: Describe the emission spectrum of hydrogen.
17N.2.sl.TZ0.d: Describe the emission spectrum of hydrogen.
21M.1.sl.TZ1.6: Which represents a p orbital?
21M.1.sl.TZ1.6: Which represents a p orbital?
21M.1.sl.TZ1.5:
What is the relative molecular mass of bromine, according to the following mass spectrum?

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

A.   $\frac{158 \times 52 + 160 \times 100 + 162 \times 48}{52 + 100 + 48}$

B.   $\frac{158 \times 52 + 160 \times 100 + 162 \times 48}{158 + 160 + 162}$

C.   $\frac{79 \times 11 + 81 \times 11 + 158 \times 52 + 160 \times 100 + 162 \times 48}{11 + 11 + 52 + 100 + 48}$

D.   $\frac{79 \times 11 + 81 \times 11}{11 + 11}$
21M.1.sl.TZ1.5:
What is the relative molecular mass of bromine, according to the following mass spectrum?

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

A.   $\frac{158 \times 52 + 160 \times 100 + 162 \times 48}{52 + 100 + 48}$

B.   $\frac{158 \times 52 + 160 \times 100 + 162 \times 48}{158 + 160 + 162}$

C.   $\frac{79 \times 11 + 81 \times 11 + 158 \times 52 + 160 \times 100 + 162 \times 48}{11 + 11 + 52 + 100 + 48}$

D.   $\frac{79 \times 11 + 81 \times 11}{11 + 11}$
21M.1.sl.TZ2.5:
What is represented by ^“2−” in ${}_{Z}^{A}X^{2 -}$ ?

A. loss of electron

B. gain of electron

C. loss of proton

D. gain of proton
21M.1.sl.TZ2.5:
What is represented by ^“2−” in ${}_{Z}^{A}X^{2 -}$ ?

A. loss of electron

B. gain of electron

C. loss of proton

D. gain of proton
21M.1.sl.TZ2.6: How are emission spectra formed? A. Photons are absorbed when promoted electrons return to a...
21M.1.sl.TZ2.6: How are emission spectra formed? A. Photons are absorbed when promoted electrons return to a...
21M.2.sl.TZ1.1c(ii):
State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.
21M.2.sl.TZ1.1c(ii):
State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.
21M.2.sl.TZ1.c(ii):
State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.
21M.2.sl.TZ1.3b(ii):
State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.
21M.2.sl.TZ1.3b(ii):
State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.
21M.2.sl.TZ1.b(ii):
State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.
21M.2.sl.TZ1.3b(i): State the type of spectroscopy that could be used to determine their relative abundances.
21M.2.sl.TZ1.3b(i): State the type of spectroscopy that could be used to determine their relative abundances.
21M.2.sl.TZ1.b(i): State the type of spectroscopy that could be used to determine their relative abundances.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.3b(i): State the type of spectroscopy that could be used to determine their relative abundances.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.3b(i): State the type of spectroscopy that could be used to determine their relative abundances.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.b(i): State the type of spectroscopy that could be used to determine their relative abundances.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.3b(ii):
State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.3b(ii):
State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.b(ii):
State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.1d(iii):
State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.1d(iii):
State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.d(iii):
State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.
21M.2.sl.TZ2.2a(ii): Explain the decrease in radius from Na to Na+.
21M.2.sl.TZ2.2a(ii): Explain the decrease in radius from Na to Na+.
21M.2.sl.TZ2.a(ii): Explain the decrease in radius from Na to Na+.
21M.2.hl.TZ2.2b(i):
State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3⁺.
21M.2.hl.TZ2.2b(i):
State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3⁺.
21M.2.hl.TZ2.b(i):
State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3⁺.
18M.2.hl.TZ1.2b:
Describe how the relative atomic mass of a sample of calcium could be determined from its mass spectrum.
18M.2.hl.TZ1.2b:
Describe how the relative atomic mass of a sample of calcium could be determined from its mass spectrum.
18M.2.hl.TZ1.b:
Describe how the relative atomic mass of a sample of calcium could be determined from its mass spectrum.
18M.2.hl.TZ1.2c:
When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.
18M.2.hl.TZ1.2c:
When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.
18M.2.hl.TZ1.c:
When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.
18M.2.hl.TZ2.3a.iv:
Calculate the wavelength, in m, for the electron transition corresponding to the frequency in (a)(iii) using section 1 of the data booklet.
18M.2.hl.TZ2.3a.iv:
Calculate the wavelength, in m, for the electron transition corresponding to the frequency in (a)(iii) using section 1 of the data booklet.
18M.2.hl.TZ2.a.iv:
Calculate the wavelength, in m, for the electron transition corresponding to the frequency in (a)(iii) using section 1 of the data booklet.
18M.1.sl.TZ1.5: Which shows the number of subatomic particles in 31P3−?
18M.1.sl.TZ1.5: Which shows the number of subatomic particles in 31P3−?
18M.1.sl.TZ1.6: Which are correct statements about the emission spectrum of hydrogen in the visible region? I. ...
18M.1.sl.TZ1.6: Which are correct statements about the emission spectrum of hydrogen in the visible region? I. ...
18M.2.sl.TZ1.2b:
State the electron configuration of the Ca²⁺ ion.
18M.2.sl.TZ1.2b:
State the electron configuration of the Ca²⁺ ion.
18M.2.sl.TZ1.b:
State the electron configuration of the Ca²⁺ ion.
18M.2.sl.TZ1.2c:
When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.
18M.2.sl.TZ1.2c:
When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.
18M.2.sl.TZ1.c:
When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.
18M.3.sl.TZ1.12a.i:
Natural uranium needs to be enriched to increase the proportion of ²³⁵U. Suggest a technique that would determine the relative abundances of ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U.
18M.3.sl.TZ1.12a.i:
Natural uranium needs to be enriched to increase the proportion of ²³⁵U. Suggest a technique that would determine the relative abundances of ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U.
18M.3.sl.TZ1.a.i:
Natural uranium needs to be enriched to increase the proportion of ²³⁵U. Suggest a technique that would determine the relative abundances of ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U.
18M.1.sl.TZ2.5: What is the composition of the nucleus of 26Mg?
18M.1.sl.TZ2.5: What is the composition of the nucleus of 26Mg?
18M.2.sl.TZ2.3a.ii:
Draw the lines, on your diagram, that represent the electron transitions to n = 2 in the emission spectrum.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.3a.ii:
Draw the lines, on your diagram, that represent the electron transitions to n = 2 in the emission spectrum.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.a.ii:
Draw the lines, on your diagram, that represent the electron transitions to n = 2 in the emission spectrum.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.3a.i:
Draw the first four energy levels of a hydrogen atom on the axis, labelling n = 1, 2, 3 and 4.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.3a.i:
Draw the first four energy levels of a hydrogen atom on the axis, labelling n = 1, 2, 3 and 4.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.a.i:
Draw the first four energy levels of a hydrogen atom on the axis, labelling n = 1, 2, 3 and 4.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.3c.i:
Copper is widely used as an electrical conductor.

Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electronic configuration of copper in the 4s and 3d orbitals.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.3c.i:
Copper is widely used as an electrical conductor.

Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electronic configuration of copper in the 4s and 3d orbitals.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.c.i:
Copper is widely used as an electrical conductor.

Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electronic configuration of copper in the 4s and 3d orbitals.
21N.1.sl.TZ0.6: How many p-orbitals are occupied in a phosphorus atom? A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6
21N.1.sl.TZ0.6: How many p-orbitals are occupied in a phosphorus atom? A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6
21N.1.hl.TZ0.4:
Which species has two more neutrons than electrons?

${}_{3}^{6}L i^{+}$ ${}_{4}^{9}B e^{2 +}$ ${}_{11}^{23}N a^{+}$ ${}_{20}^{42}C a^{2 +}$

A.   ${}_{3}^{6}L i^{+}$

B.   ${}_{4}^{9}B e^{2 +}$

C.   ${}_{11}^{23}N a^{+}$

D.   ${}_{20}^{42}C a^{2 +}$
21N.1.hl.TZ0.4:
Which species has two more neutrons than electrons?

${}_{3}^{6}L i^{+}$ ${}_{4}^{9}B e^{2 +}$ ${}_{11}^{23}N a^{+}$ ${}_{20}^{42}C a^{2 +}$

A.   ${}_{3}^{6}L i^{+}$

B.   ${}_{4}^{9}B e^{2 +}$

C.   ${}_{11}^{23}N a^{+}$

D.   ${}_{20}^{42}C a^{2 +}$
21N.2.sl.TZ0.8b(ii):
State the electron configuration of copper.
21N.2.sl.TZ0.8b(ii):
State the electron configuration of copper.
21N.2.sl.TZ0.b(ii):
State the electron configuration of copper.
21N.2.sl.TZ0.8a: Suggest what can be concluded about the gold atom from this experiment.
21N.2.sl.TZ0.8a: Suggest what can be concluded about the gold atom from this experiment.
21N.2.sl.TZ0.a: Suggest what can be concluded about the gold atom from this experiment.
21N.2.sl.TZ0.8b(i):
Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.

Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.
21N.2.sl.TZ0.8b(i):
Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.

Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.
21N.2.sl.TZ0.b(i):
Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.

Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.9a: Suggest what can be concluded about the gold atom from this experiment.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.9a: Suggest what can be concluded about the gold atom from this experiment.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.a: Suggest what can be concluded about the gold atom from this experiment.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.9b(ii):
State the electron configuration of copper.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.9b(ii):
State the electron configuration of copper.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.b(ii):
State the electron configuration of copper.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.9b(i):
Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.

Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.9b(i):
Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.

Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.b(i):
Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.

Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.
22M.1.sl.TZ1.8:
Which of the following is the electron configuration of a metallic element?

A. [Ne] 3s² 3p²

B. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴

C. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s²

D. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵
22M.1.sl.TZ1.8:
Which of the following is the electron configuration of a metallic element?

A. [Ne] 3s² 3p²

B. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴

C. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s²

D. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵
22M.1.sl.TZ1.5:
Naturally occurring gallium consists of the isotopes ⁷¹Ga and ⁶⁹Ga. What is the approximate percentage abundance of ⁶⁹Ga?

M_r(Ga) = 69.72.

A. 40 %

B. 50 %

C. 60 %

D. 75 %
22M.1.sl.TZ1.5:
Naturally occurring gallium consists of the isotopes ⁷¹Ga and ⁶⁹Ga. What is the approximate percentage abundance of ⁶⁹Ga?

M_r(Ga) = 69.72.

A. 40 %

B. 50 %

C. 60 %

D. 75 %
22M.1.sl.TZ1.6:
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a p-orbital?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 6

D. 8
22M.1.sl.TZ1.6:
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a p-orbital?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 6

D. 8
18N.2.sl.TZ0.3a.ii:
Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.
18N.2.sl.TZ0.3a.ii:
Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.
18N.2.sl.TZ0.a.ii:
Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.4a: Explain the decrease in atomic radius from Na to Cl.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.4a: Explain the decrease in atomic radius from Na to Cl.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.a: Explain the decrease in atomic radius from Na to Cl.
18N.2.sl.TZ0.3a.i:
State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.
18N.2.sl.TZ0.3a.i:
State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.
18N.2.sl.TZ0.a.i:
State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.
18N.1.sl.TZ0.5: Which statements are correct for the emission spectrum of hydrogen? I. The lines converge at...
18N.1.sl.TZ0.5: Which statements are correct for the emission spectrum of hydrogen? I. The lines converge at...
18N.2.hl.TZ0.3a.i:
State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.3a.i:
State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.a.i:
State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.3a.ii:
Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.3a.ii:
Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.a.ii:
Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.
22M.1.sl.TZ2.6: What is the relative atomic mass of an element with the following mass spectrum? A. 23 B. ...
22M.1.sl.TZ2.6: What is the relative atomic mass of an element with the following mass spectrum? A. 23 B. ...
22M.1.sl.TZ2.5: Which experimental results support the theory that electrons exist in discrete energy...
22M.1.sl.TZ2.5: Which experimental results support the theory that electrons exist in discrete energy...
22M.2.sl.TZ1.1e(ii): Some nitride ions are 15N3–. State the term that describes the relationship between 14N3– and 15N3–.
22M.2.sl.TZ1.1e(ii): Some nitride ions are 15N3–. State the term that describes the relationship between 14N3– and 15N3–.
22M.2.sl.TZ1.e(ii): Some nitride ions are 15N3–. State the term that describes the relationship between 14N3– and 15N3–.
22M.2.sl.TZ1.2a: Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.
22M.2.sl.TZ1.2a: Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.
22M.2.sl.TZ1.a: Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.
22M.2.sl.TZ1.1e(i): State the number of subatomic particles in this ion.
22M.2.sl.TZ1.1e(i): State the number of subatomic particles in this ion.
22M.2.sl.TZ1.e(i): State the number of subatomic particles in this ion.
22M.2.hl.TZ1.1e(i): State the number of subatomic particles in this ion.
22M.2.hl.TZ1.1e(i): State the number of subatomic particles in this ion.
22M.2.hl.TZ1.e(i): State the number of subatomic particles in this ion.
22M.2.hl.TZ1.6a(i): Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.
22M.2.hl.TZ1.6a(i): Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.
22M.2.hl.TZ1.a(i): Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.
22M.2.sl.TZ2.2b(ii): Draw an arrow, labelled X, to represent the electron transition for the ionization of a hydrogen...
22M.2.sl.TZ2.2b(ii): Draw an arrow, labelled X, to represent the electron transition for the ionization of a hydrogen...
22M.2.sl.TZ2.b(ii): Draw an arrow, labelled X, to represent the electron transition for the ionization of a hydrogen...
22M.2.sl.TZ2.2b(iii): Draw an arrow, labelled Z, to represent the lowest energy electron transition in the visible...
22M.2.sl.TZ2.2b(iii): Draw an arrow, labelled Z, to represent the lowest energy electron transition in the visible...
22M.2.sl.TZ2.b(iii): Draw an arrow, labelled Z, to represent the lowest energy electron transition in the visible...
22M.2.hl.TZ2.5a(i):
State the full electronic configuration of Fe²⁺.
22M.2.hl.TZ2.5a(i):
State the full electronic configuration of Fe²⁺.
22M.2.hl.TZ2.a(i):
State the full electronic configuration of Fe²⁺.
19M.2.hl.TZ1.6c:
State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}$ , for iron-54.
19M.2.hl.TZ1.6c:
State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}$ , for iron-54.
19M.2.hl.TZ1.c:
State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}$ , for iron-54.
19M.2.hl.TZ1.6d:
Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.
19M.2.hl.TZ1.6d:
Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.
19M.2.hl.TZ1.d:
Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.
19M.2.hl.TZ1.6a:
Deduce the full electron configuration of Fe²⁺.
19M.2.hl.TZ1.6a:
Deduce the full electron configuration of Fe²⁺.
19M.2.hl.TZ1.a:
Deduce the full electron configuration of Fe²⁺.
19M.2.hl.TZ2.3b(i):
State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N : ¹⁵N.
19M.2.hl.TZ2.3b(i):
State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N : ¹⁵N.
19M.2.hl.TZ2.b(i):
State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N : ¹⁵N.
19M.2.hl.TZ2.3b(ii):
A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.
19M.2.hl.TZ2.3b(ii):
A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.
19M.2.hl.TZ2.b(ii):
A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.
19M.2.hl.TZ2.4a:
The stable isotope of rhenium contains 110 neutrons.

State the nuclear symbol notation ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}$ for this isotope.
19M.2.hl.TZ2.4a:
The stable isotope of rhenium contains 110 neutrons.

State the nuclear symbol notation ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}$ for this isotope.
19M.2.hl.TZ2.a:
The stable isotope of rhenium contains 110 neutrons.

State the nuclear symbol notation ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}$ for this isotope.
19M.2.sl.TZ1.6b:
Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.
19M.2.sl.TZ1.6b:
Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.
19M.2.sl.TZ1.b:
Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.
19M.2.sl.TZ2.3b(ii):
A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.
19M.2.sl.TZ2.3b(ii):
A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.
19M.2.sl.TZ2.b(ii):
A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.
19M.1.sl.TZ2.5:
Which is correct for ${}_{16}^{34}{{\text{S}}^{2 - }}$ ?
19M.1.sl.TZ2.5:
Which is correct for ${}_{16}^{34}{{\text{S}}^{2 - }}$ ?
19M.1.sl.TZ1.6:
What is the ground state electron configuration of an atom of chromium, Cr (Z = 24)?

A. [Ar]3d⁶

B. [Ar]4s²3d⁴

C. [Ar]4s¹3d⁵

D. [Ar]4s²4p⁴
19M.1.sl.TZ1.6:
What is the ground state electron configuration of an atom of chromium, Cr (Z = 24)?

A. [Ar]3d⁶

B. [Ar]4s²3d⁴

C. [Ar]4s¹3d⁵

D. [Ar]4s²4p⁴
19M.1.sl.TZ1.5: Bromine consists of two stable isotopes that exist in approximately a 1 : 1 ratio. The relative...
19M.1.sl.TZ1.5: Bromine consists of two stable isotopes that exist in approximately a 1 : 1 ratio. The relative...
19M.1.sl.TZ2.6:
Which transition in the hydrogen atom emits visible light?

A. n = 1 to n = 2

B. n = 2 to n = 3

C. n = 2 to n = 1

D. n = 3 to n = 2
19M.1.sl.TZ2.6:
Which transition in the hydrogen atom emits visible light?

A. n = 1 to n = 2

B. n = 2 to n = 3

C. n = 2 to n = 1

D. n = 3 to n = 2
19N.2.hl.TZ0.6a(i):
State the electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.
19N.2.hl.TZ0.6a(i):
State the electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.
19N.2.hl.TZ0.a(i):
State the electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.
19N.1.sl.TZ0.6: Which represents the shape of an s atomic orbital?
19N.1.sl.TZ0.6: Which represents the shape of an s atomic orbital?
19N.2.sl.TZ0.5a(i):
State the electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.
19N.2.sl.TZ0.5a(i):
State the electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.
19N.2.sl.TZ0.a(i):
State the electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.
19N.1.sl.TZ0.5:
What is represented by A in ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{{\text{X}}^{2 - }}$ ?

A. Number of electrons

B. Number of neutrons

C. Number of nucleons

D. Number of protons
19N.1.sl.TZ0.5:
What is represented by A in ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{{\text{X}}^{2 - }}$ ?

A. Number of electrons

B. Number of neutrons

C. Number of nucleons

D. Number of protons
19N.1.sl.TZ0.30: Which technique is used to detect the isotopes of an element? A. Mass spectrometry B. ...
19N.1.sl.TZ0.30: Which technique is used to detect the isotopes of an element? A. Mass spectrometry B. ...
22N.1.sl.TZ0.5:
Which quantities are different between two species represented by the notation ${}_{52}^{128}{Te}$ and ${}_{53}^{128}I$ ⁻?

A. The number of protons only

B. The number of protons and electrons only

C. The number of protons and neutrons only

D. The number of protons, neutrons and electrons
22N.1.sl.TZ0.5:
Which quantities are different between two species represented by the notation ${}_{52}^{128}{Te}$ and ${}_{53}^{128}I$ ⁻?

A. The number of protons only

B. The number of protons and electrons only

C. The number of protons and neutrons only

D. The number of protons, neutrons and electrons
22N.1.sl.TZ0.6:
What is the relative atomic mass of a sample of chlorine containing 70 % of the ³⁵Cl isotope and 30 % of the ³⁷Cl isotope?

A. 35.4

B. 35.5

C. 35.6

D. 35.7
22N.1.sl.TZ0.6:
What is the relative atomic mass of a sample of chlorine containing 70 % of the ³⁵Cl isotope and 30 % of the ³⁷Cl isotope?

A. 35.4

B. 35.5

C. 35.6

D. 35.7
22N.2.sl.TZ0.2e.ii:
This reaction can be done with a copper catalyst. State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.2e.ii:
This reaction can be done with a copper catalyst. State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.e.ii:
This reaction can be done with a copper catalyst. State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.3a:
State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe²⁺.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.3a:
State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe²⁺.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.a:
State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe²⁺.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.3b:
The mass spectrum for copper is shown:

^{Source: WebElements, n.d. Copper: isotope data [online] Available at:}
^{https://www.webelements.com/copper/isotopes.html [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

Show how a relative atomic mass of copper of 63.62 can be obtained from this mass spectrum.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.3b:
The mass spectrum for copper is shown:

^{Source: WebElements, n.d. Copper: isotope data [online] Available at:}
^{https://www.webelements.com/copper/isotopes.html [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

Show how a relative atomic mass of copper of 63.62 can be obtained from this mass spectrum.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.b:
The mass spectrum for copper is shown:

^{Source: WebElements, n.d. Copper: isotope data [online] Available at:}
^{https://www.webelements.com/copper/isotopes.html [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

Show how a relative atomic mass of copper of 63.62 can be obtained from this mass spectrum.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.3b:
The mass spectrum for copper is shown:

^{Source: WebElements, n.d. Copper: isotope data [online] Available at:}
^{https://www.webelements.com/copper/isotopes.html [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

Show how a relative atomic mass of copper of 63.62 can be obtained from this mass spectrum.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.3b:
The mass spectrum for copper is shown:

^{Source: WebElements, n.d. Copper: isotope data [online] Available at:}
^{https://www.webelements.com/copper/isotopes.html [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

Show how a relative atomic mass of copper of 63.62 can be obtained from this mass spectrum.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.b:
The mass spectrum for copper is shown:

^{Source: WebElements, n.d. Copper: isotope data [online] Available at:}
^{https://www.webelements.com/copper/isotopes.html [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

Show how a relative atomic mass of copper of 63.62 can be obtained from this mass spectrum.
18N.1.sl.TZ0.6: Which statement about 56Fe3+ and 54Fe2+ is correct? A. Both have the same numbers of protons...
18N.1.sl.TZ0.6: Which statement about 56Fe3+ and 54Fe2+ is correct? A. Both have the same numbers of protons...
19M.1.hl.TZ1.4:
What is the ground state electron configuration of an atom of chromium, Cr (Z = 24)?

A. [Ar]3d⁶

B. [Ar]4s²3d⁴

C. [Ar]4s¹3d⁵

D. [Ar]4s²4p⁴
19M.1.hl.TZ1.4:
What is the ground state electron configuration of an atom of chromium, Cr (Z = 24)?

A. [Ar]3d⁶

B. [Ar]4s²3d⁴

C. [Ar]4s¹3d⁵

D. [Ar]4s²4p⁴
19M.1.hl.TZ2.4:
Which is correct for ${}_{16}^{34}{{\text{S}}^{2 - }}$ ?
19M.1.hl.TZ2.4:
Which is correct for ${}_{16}^{34}{{\text{S}}^{2 - }}$ ?
19M.2.sl.TZ1.6a:
State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}$ , for iron-54.
19M.2.sl.TZ1.6a:
State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}$ , for iron-54.
19M.2.sl.TZ1.a:
State the nuclear symbol notation, ${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}$ , for iron-54.
19M.2.sl.TZ2.3b(i):
State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N:¹⁵N.
19M.2.sl.TZ2.3b(i):
State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N:¹⁵N.
19M.2.sl.TZ2.b(i):
State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N:¹⁵N.
19N.2.sl.TZ0.1c: Distinguish ultraviolet light from visible light in terms of wavelength and energy.
19N.2.sl.TZ0.1c: Distinguish ultraviolet light from visible light in terms of wavelength and energy.
19N.2.sl.TZ0.c: Distinguish ultraviolet light from visible light in terms of wavelength and energy.
19N.3.hl.TZ0.27b: Explain why technetium-99m is the most common radioisotope used in nuclear medicine.
19N.3.hl.TZ0.27b: Explain why technetium-99m is the most common radioisotope used in nuclear medicine.
19N.3.hl.TZ0.b: Explain why technetium-99m is the most common radioisotope used in nuclear medicine.
20N.2.sl.TZ0.1a(v):
Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at $m / z = 74$ .
20N.2.sl.TZ0.1a(v):
Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at $m / z = 74$ .
20N.2.sl.TZ0.a(v):
Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at $m / z = 74$ .
20N.2.hl.TZ0.1a(i):
State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.
20N.2.hl.TZ0.1a(i):
State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.
20N.2.hl.TZ0.a(i):
State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.
20N.2.hl.TZ0.1a(iv):
The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Outline the reason for the two peaks at $m / z = 35$ and $37$ .
20N.2.hl.TZ0.1a(iv):
The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Outline the reason for the two peaks at $m / z = 35$ and $37$ .
20N.2.hl.TZ0.a(iv):
The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Outline the reason for the two peaks at $m / z = 35$ and $37$ .
20N.2.hl.TZ0.1a(v):
Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at $m / z = 74$ .
20N.2.hl.TZ0.1a(v):
Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at $m / z = 74$ .
20N.2.hl.TZ0.a(v):
Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at $m / z = 74$ .
21M.2.hl.TZ1.7b: Explain why there are frequencies of UV light that will dissociate O3 but not O2.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.7b: Explain why there are frequencies of UV light that will dissociate O3 but not O2.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.b: Explain why there are frequencies of UV light that will dissociate O3 but not O2.
21M.2.sl.TZ2.2b(i):
State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3⁺.
21M.2.sl.TZ2.2b(i):
State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3⁺.
21M.2.sl.TZ2.b(i):
State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3⁺.
21M.2.hl.TZ2.2b(iv):
[Cr(OH)₆]³⁻ forms a green solution. Estimate a wavelength of light absorbed by this complex, using section 17 of the data booklet.
21M.2.hl.TZ2.2b(iv):
[Cr(OH)₆]³⁻ forms a green solution. Estimate a wavelength of light absorbed by this complex, using section 17 of the data booklet.
21M.2.hl.TZ2.b(iv):
[Cr(OH)₆]³⁻ forms a green solution. Estimate a wavelength of light absorbed by this complex, using section 17 of the data booklet.
22M.2.hl.TZ1.1e(ii): Some nitride ions are 15N3–. State the term that describes the relationship between 14N3– and 15N3–.
22M.2.hl.TZ1.1e(ii): Some nitride ions are 15N3–. State the term that describes the relationship between 14N3– and 15N3–.
22M.2.hl.TZ1.e(ii): Some nitride ions are 15N3–. State the term that describes the relationship between 14N3– and 15N3–.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.2e.ii:
This reaction can be done with a copper catalyst. State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.2e.ii:
This reaction can be done with a copper catalyst. State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.e.ii:
This reaction can be done with a copper catalyst. State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.3a:
State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe²⁺.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.3a:
State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe²⁺.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.a:
State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe²⁺.
23M.1.HL.TZ1.32: Which formula represents an ether? A. C6H5OH B. CH3CHO C. CH3COCH3 D. CH3OCH3
23M.1.HL.TZ1.32: Which formula represents an ether? A. C6H5OH B. CH3CHO C. CH3COCH3 D. CH3OCH3
23M.1.HL.TZ1.4: What is the maximum number of electrons in energy level n = 4? A. 8 B. 18 C. 32 D. 50
23M.1.SL.TZ1.5: What is the maximum number of electrons in energy level n = 4? A. 8 B. 18 C. 32 D. 50
23M.1.HL.TZ1.4: What is the maximum number of electrons in energy level n = 4? A. 8 B. 18 C. 32 D. 50
23M.1.SL.TZ1.5: What is the maximum number of electrons in energy level n = 4? A. 8 B. 18 C. 32 D. 50
23M.1.SL.TZ1.27: The orange colour disappears when bromine water is added to compound X in the dark. Which...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.27: The orange colour disappears when bromine water is added to compound X in the dark. Which...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.28: What is the percentage error if the enthalpy of combustion of a substance is...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.28: What is the percentage error if the enthalpy of combustion of a substance is...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.29: In which case would repetition produce an improvement in accuracy? A. A thermometer always gives...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.29: In which case would repetition produce an improvement in accuracy? A. A thermometer always gives...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.30:
Which technique is most likely to be used for identification of functional groups?

A. Combustion analysis

B. Determination of melting point

C. Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy

D. Mass spectroscopy (MS)
23M.1.SL.TZ1.30:
Which technique is most likely to be used for identification of functional groups?

A. Combustion analysis

B. Determination of melting point

C. Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy

D. Mass spectroscopy (MS)
23M.1.SL.TZ2.6:
The following diagram shows a light passing through a cold gas cloud, and light from a hot gas cloud.

^{[Source: Image with permission from The Pennsylvania State University.]}

Which types of spectra are associated with light passing through a cold gas cloud, Spectrum A, and light from a hot gas cloud, Spectrum B?

Spectrum A Spectrum B

A.   Absorption Emission

B.   Emission Absorption

C.   Absorption Absorption

D.   Emission Emission
23M.1.SL.TZ2.6:
The following diagram shows a light passing through a cold gas cloud, and light from a hot gas cloud.

^{[Source: Image with permission from The Pennsylvania State University.]}

Which types of spectra are associated with light passing through a cold gas cloud, Spectrum A, and light from a hot gas cloud, Spectrum B?

Spectrum A Spectrum B

A.   Absorption Emission

B.   Emission Absorption

C.   Absorption Absorption

D.   Emission Emission
23M.1.SL.TZ2.7:
What is the electron configuration for an element in group 4 period 5?

A. [Kr] 5s²4d²

B. [Ar] 4s²3d³

C. [Ar] 4s²3d¹⁰4p³

D. [Kr] 5s²4d¹⁰5p²
23M.1.SL.TZ2.7:
What is the electron configuration for an element in group 4 period 5?

A. [Kr] 5s²4d²

B. [Ar] 4s²3d³

C. [Ar] 4s²3d¹⁰4p³

D. [Kr] 5s²4d¹⁰5p²
23M.1.SL.TZ2.21: Which element has variable oxidation states in its compounds? A. Potassium B. Calcium C. ...
23M.1.SL.TZ2.21: Which element has variable oxidation states in its compounds? A. Potassium B. Calcium C. ...
23M.1.SL.TZ2.22: Which chemical process would produce a voltaic cell? A. spontaneous redox reaction B. ...
23M.1.SL.TZ2.22: Which chemical process would produce a voltaic cell? A. spontaneous redox reaction B. ...
23M.1.SL.TZ2.23:
Which species could be reduced to form SO₂?

A. S

B. H₂SO₃

C. H₂SO₄

D. (CH₃)₂S
23M.1.SL.TZ2.23:
Which species could be reduced to form SO₂?

A. S

B. H₂SO₃

C. H₂SO₄

D. (CH₃)₂S
23M.1.SL.TZ2.25:
Which products could be obtained by heating isomers of C₃H₈O under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)?
1. I. propanal
2. II. propanone
3. III. propanoic acid
A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
23M.1.SL.TZ2.25:
Which products could be obtained by heating isomers of C₃H₈O under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)?
1. I. propanal
2. II. propanone
3. III. propanoic acid
A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
23M.1.HL.TZ2.34: What is the preferred IUPAC name of the structure shown? A. 2-ethyl-3-methylbutan-1-ol B. ...
23M.1.SL.TZ2.26: What is the preferred IUPAC name of the structure shown? A. 2-ethyl-3-methylbutan-1-ol B. ...
23M.1.HL.TZ2.34: What is the preferred IUPAC name of the structure shown? A. 2-ethyl-3-methylbutan-1-ol B. ...
23M.1.SL.TZ2.26: What is the preferred IUPAC name of the structure shown? A. 2-ethyl-3-methylbutan-1-ol B. ...
23M.2.HL.TZ1.2ai: Annotate and label the ground state orbital diagram of boron, using arrows to represent electrons.
23M.2.SL.TZ1.2ai: Annotate and label the ground state orbital diagram of boron, using arrows to represent electrons.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.2ai: Annotate and label the ground state orbital diagram of boron, using arrows to represent electrons.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.i: Annotate and label the ground state orbital diagram of boron, using arrows to represent electrons.
23M.2.SL.TZ1.2ai: Annotate and label the ground state orbital diagram of boron, using arrows to represent electrons.
23M.2.SL.TZ1.i: Annotate and label the ground state orbital diagram of boron, using arrows to represent electrons.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.3ai: Outline the meaning of homologous series.
23M.2.SL.TZ1.3ai: Outline the meaning of homologous series.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.3ai: Outline the meaning of homologous series.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.i: Outline the meaning of homologous series.
23M.2.SL.TZ1.3ai: Outline the meaning of homologous series.
23M.2.SL.TZ1.i: Outline the meaning of homologous series.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.5ai:
Draw one Lewis (electron dot) structure of the sulfate ion.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.5ai:
Draw one Lewis (electron dot) structure of the sulfate ion.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.i:
Draw one Lewis (electron dot) structure of the sulfate ion.
23M.2.HL.TZ2.4a:
Bismuth has atomic number 83. Deduce two pieces of information about the electron configuration of bismuth from its position on the periodic table.
23M.2.SL.TZ2.4a:
Bismuth has atomic number 83. Deduce two pieces of information about the electron configuration of bismuth from its position on the periodic table.
23M.2.HL.TZ2.4a:
Bismuth has atomic number 83. Deduce two pieces of information about the electron configuration of bismuth from its position on the periodic table.
23M.2.HL.TZ2.a:
Bismuth has atomic number 83. Deduce two pieces of information about the electron configuration of bismuth from its position on the periodic table.
23M.2.SL.TZ2.4a:
Bismuth has atomic number 83. Deduce two pieces of information about the electron configuration of bismuth from its position on the periodic table.
23M.2.SL.TZ2.a:
Bismuth has atomic number 83. Deduce two pieces of information about the electron configuration of bismuth from its position on the periodic table.
23M.2.SL.TZ2.3a:
An electrolytic cell was set up using inert electrodes and molten magnesium chloride, MgCl₂ (l).
23M.2.SL.TZ2.3a:
An electrolytic cell was set up using inert electrodes and molten magnesium chloride, MgCl₂ (l).
23M.2.SL.TZ2.a:
An electrolytic cell was set up using inert electrodes and molten magnesium chloride, MgCl₂ (l).

Sub sections and their related questions

2.1 The nuclear atom

2.2 Electron configuration

17N.1.sl.TZ0.6:
Which is the electron configuration of a chromium atom in the ground state?

A. [Ne]3s²3p⁶4s¹3d⁴

B. [Ar]3d³

C. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁴

D. [Ar]4s¹3d⁵
17N.2.sl.TZ0.2d: Describe the emission spectrum of hydrogen.
17N.2.hl.TZ0.2b: Outline how this spectrum is related to the energy levels in the hydrogen atom.
18M.2.hl.TZ1.2c:
When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.
18M.2.hl.TZ2.3a.iv:
Calculate the wavelength, in m, for the electron transition corresponding to the frequency in (a)(iii) using section 1 of the data booklet.
18M.1.sl.TZ1.6: Which are correct statements about the emission spectrum of hydrogen in the visible region? I. ...
18M.2.sl.TZ1.2b:
State the electron configuration of the Ca²⁺ ion.
18M.2.sl.TZ1.2c:
When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.3a.i:
Draw the first four energy levels of a hydrogen atom on the axis, labelling n = 1, 2, 3 and 4.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.3a.ii:
Draw the lines, on your diagram, that represent the electron transitions to n = 2 in the emission spectrum.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.3c.i:
Copper is widely used as an electrical conductor.

Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electronic configuration of copper in the 4s and 3d orbitals.
18N.1.sl.TZ0.5: Which statements are correct for the emission spectrum of hydrogen? I. The lines converge at...
18N.2.sl.TZ0.3a.i:
State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.
18N.2.sl.TZ0.3a.ii:
Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.3a.i:
State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.3a.ii:
Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.4a: Explain the decrease in atomic radius from Na to Cl.
19M.2.hl.TZ1.6a:
Deduce the full electron configuration of Fe²⁺.
19M.1.hl.TZ1.4:
What is the ground state electron configuration of an atom of chromium, Cr (Z = 24)?

A. [Ar]3d⁶

B. [Ar]4s²3d⁴

C. [Ar]4s¹3d⁵

D. [Ar]4s²4p⁴
19M.1.sl.TZ1.6:
What is the ground state electron configuration of an atom of chromium, Cr (Z = 24)?

A. [Ar]3d⁶

B. [Ar]4s²3d⁴

C. [Ar]4s¹3d⁵

D. [Ar]4s²4p⁴
19M.1.sl.TZ2.6:
Which transition in the hydrogen atom emits visible light?

A. n = 1 to n = 2

B. n = 2 to n = 3

C. n = 2 to n = 1

D. n = 3 to n = 2
19N.2.sl.TZ0.1c: Distinguish ultraviolet light from visible light in terms of wavelength and energy.
19N.2.hl.TZ0.6a(i):
State the electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.
19N.1.sl.TZ0.6: Which represents the shape of an s atomic orbital?
19N.2.sl.TZ0.5a(i):
State the electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.
20N.1.sl.TZ0.6:
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 4th main energy level in an atom?

A.   $8$

B.   $14$

C.   $18$

D.   $32$
20N.2.sl.TZ0.1a(i):
State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.
20N.2.hl.TZ0.1a(i):
State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.
21M.1.sl.TZ1.6: Which represents a p orbital?
21M.1.sl.TZ2.6: How are emission spectra formed? A. Photons are absorbed when promoted electrons return to a...
21M.2.sl.TZ1.1c(ii):
State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.1d(iii):
State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.7b: Explain why there are frequencies of UV light that will dissociate O3 but not O2.
21M.2.sl.TZ2.2b(i):
State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3⁺.
21M.2.hl.TZ2.2b(i):
State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3⁺.
21M.2.hl.TZ2.2b(iv):
[Cr(OH)₆]³⁻ forms a green solution. Estimate a wavelength of light absorbed by this complex, using section 17 of the data booklet.
21N.1.sl.TZ0.6: How many p-orbitals are occupied in a phosphorus atom? A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6
21N.2.sl.TZ0.8b(i):
Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.

Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.
21N.2.sl.TZ0.8b(ii):
State the electron configuration of copper.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.9b(i):
Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.

Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.9b(ii):
State the electron configuration of copper.
22M.1.sl.TZ1.6:
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a p-orbital?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 6

D. 8
22M.1.sl.TZ1.8:
Which of the following is the electron configuration of a metallic element?

A. [Ne] 3s² 3p²

B. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴

C. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s²

D. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵
22M.1.sl.TZ2.5: Which experimental results support the theory that electrons exist in discrete energy...
22M.2.sl.TZ1.2a: Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.
22M.2.hl.TZ1.6a(i): Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.
22M.2.sl.TZ2.2b(ii): Draw an arrow, labelled X, to represent the electron transition for the ionization of a hydrogen...
22M.2.sl.TZ2.2b(iii): Draw an arrow, labelled Z, to represent the lowest energy electron transition in the visible...
22M.2.hl.TZ2.5a(i):
State the full electronic configuration of Fe²⁺.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.2e.ii:
This reaction can be done with a copper catalyst. State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.3a:
State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe²⁺.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.2e.ii:
This reaction can be done with a copper catalyst. State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.3a:
State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe²⁺.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.2ai: Annotate and label the ground state orbital diagram of boron, using arrows to represent electrons.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.3ai: Outline the meaning of homologous series.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.5ai:
Draw one Lewis (electron dot) structure of the sulfate ion.
23M.1.HL.TZ1.4: What is the maximum number of electrons in energy level n = 4? A. 8 B. 18 C. 32 D. 50
23M.1.HL.TZ1.32: Which formula represents an ether? A. C6H5OH B. CH3CHO C. CH3COCH3 D. CH3OCH3
23M.1.HL.TZ2.34: What is the preferred IUPAC name of the structure shown? A. 2-ethyl-3-methylbutan-1-ol B. ...
23M.2.SL.TZ1.2ai: Annotate and label the ground state orbital diagram of boron, using arrows to represent electrons.
23M.2.SL.TZ1.3ai: Outline the meaning of homologous series.
23M.2.SL.TZ2.3a:
An electrolytic cell was set up using inert electrodes and molten magnesium chloride, MgCl₂ (l).
23M.1.SL.TZ2.6:
The following diagram shows a light passing through a cold gas cloud, and light from a hot gas cloud.

^{[Source: Image with permission from The Pennsylvania State University.]}

Which types of spectra are associated with light passing through a cold gas cloud, Spectrum A, and light from a hot gas cloud, Spectrum B?

Spectrum A Spectrum B

A.   Absorption Emission

B.   Emission Absorption

C.   Absorption Absorption

D.   Emission Emission
23M.1.SL.TZ2.7:
What is the electron configuration for an element in group 4 period 5?

A. [Kr] 5s²4d²

B. [Ar] 4s²3d³

C. [Ar] 4s²3d¹⁰4p³

D. [Kr] 5s²4d¹⁰5p²
23M.1.SL.TZ2.21: Which element has variable oxidation states in its compounds? A. Potassium B. Calcium C. ...
23M.1.SL.TZ2.22: Which chemical process would produce a voltaic cell? A. spontaneous redox reaction B. ...
23M.1.SL.TZ2.23:
Which species could be reduced to form SO₂?

A. S

B. H₂SO₃

C. H₂SO₄

D. (CH₃)₂S
23M.1.SL.TZ2.25:
Which products could be obtained by heating isomers of C₃H₈O under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)?
1. I. propanal
2. II. propanone
3. III. propanoic acid
A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
23M.1.SL.TZ2.26: What is the preferred IUPAC name of the structure shown? A. 2-ethyl-3-methylbutan-1-ol B. ...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.5: What is the maximum number of electrons in energy level n = 4? A. 8 B. 18 C. 32 D. 50
23M.1.SL.TZ1.27: The orange colour disappears when bromine water is added to compound X in the dark. Which...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.28: What is the percentage error if the enthalpy of combustion of a substance is...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.29: In which case would repetition produce an improvement in accuracy? A. A thermometer always gives...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.30:
Which technique is most likely to be used for identification of functional groups?

A. Combustion analysis

B. Determination of melting point

C. Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy

D. Mass spectroscopy (MS)
19M.2.hl.TZ1.6a:
Deduce the full electron configuration of Fe²⁺.
19M.2.hl.TZ1.a:
Deduce the full electron configuration of Fe²⁺.
19M.1.hl.TZ1.4:
What is the ground state electron configuration of an atom of chromium, Cr (Z = 24)?

A. [Ar]3d⁶

B. [Ar]4s²3d⁴

C. [Ar]4s¹3d⁵

D. [Ar]4s²4p⁴
19M.1.sl.TZ1.6:
What is the ground state electron configuration of an atom of chromium, Cr (Z = 24)?

A. [Ar]3d⁶

B. [Ar]4s²3d⁴

C. [Ar]4s¹3d⁵

D. [Ar]4s²4p⁴
19M.1.sl.TZ2.6:
Which transition in the hydrogen atom emits visible light?

A. n = 1 to n = 2

B. n = 2 to n = 3

C. n = 2 to n = 1

D. n = 3 to n = 2
19N.2.sl.TZ0.1c: Distinguish ultraviolet light from visible light in terms of wavelength and energy.
19N.2.sl.TZ0.c: Distinguish ultraviolet light from visible light in terms of wavelength and energy.
19N.2.hl.TZ0.6a(i):
State the electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.
19N.2.hl.TZ0.a(i):
State the electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.
19N.1.sl.TZ0.6: Which represents the shape of an s atomic orbital?
19N.2.sl.TZ0.5a(i):
State the electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.
19N.2.sl.TZ0.a(i):
State the electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.
20N.1.sl.TZ0.6:
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 4th main energy level in an atom?

A.   $8$

B.   $14$

C.   $18$

D.   $32$
20N.2.sl.TZ0.1a(i):
State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.
20N.2.sl.TZ0.a(i):
State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.
20N.2.hl.TZ0.1a(i):
State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.
20N.2.hl.TZ0.a(i):
State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.
21M.1.sl.TZ1.6: Which represents a p orbital?
21M.1.sl.TZ2.6: How are emission spectra formed? A. Photons are absorbed when promoted electrons return to a...
21M.2.sl.TZ1.1c(ii):
State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.
21M.2.sl.TZ1.c(ii):
State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.1d(iii):
State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.d(iii):
State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.7b: Explain why there are frequencies of UV light that will dissociate O3 but not O2.
21M.2.hl.TZ1.b: Explain why there are frequencies of UV light that will dissociate O3 but not O2.
21M.2.sl.TZ2.2b(i):
State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3⁺.
21M.2.sl.TZ2.b(i):
State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3⁺.
21M.2.hl.TZ2.2b(i):
State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3⁺.
21M.2.hl.TZ2.2b(iv):
[Cr(OH)₆]³⁻ forms a green solution. Estimate a wavelength of light absorbed by this complex, using section 17 of the data booklet.
21M.2.hl.TZ2.b(i):
State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3⁺.
21M.2.hl.TZ2.b(iv):
[Cr(OH)₆]³⁻ forms a green solution. Estimate a wavelength of light absorbed by this complex, using section 17 of the data booklet.
21N.1.sl.TZ0.6: How many p-orbitals are occupied in a phosphorus atom? A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6
21N.2.sl.TZ0.8b(i):
Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.

Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.
21N.2.sl.TZ0.8b(ii):
State the electron configuration of copper.
21N.2.sl.TZ0.b(i):
Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.

Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.
21N.2.sl.TZ0.b(ii):
State the electron configuration of copper.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.9b(i):
Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.

Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.9b(ii):
State the electron configuration of copper.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.b(i):
Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.

Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.
21N.2.hl.TZ0.b(ii):
State the electron configuration of copper.
22M.1.sl.TZ1.6:
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a p-orbital?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 6

D. 8
22M.1.sl.TZ1.8:
Which of the following is the electron configuration of a metallic element?

A. [Ne] 3s² 3p²

B. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴

C. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s²

D. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵
22M.1.sl.TZ2.5: Which experimental results support the theory that electrons exist in discrete energy...
22M.2.sl.TZ1.2a: Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.
22M.2.sl.TZ1.a: Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.
22M.2.hl.TZ1.6a(i): Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.
22M.2.hl.TZ1.a(i): Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.
22M.2.sl.TZ2.2b(ii): Draw an arrow, labelled X, to represent the electron transition for the ionization of a hydrogen...
22M.2.sl.TZ2.2b(iii): Draw an arrow, labelled Z, to represent the lowest energy electron transition in the visible...
22M.2.sl.TZ2.b(ii): Draw an arrow, labelled X, to represent the electron transition for the ionization of a hydrogen...
22M.2.sl.TZ2.b(iii): Draw an arrow, labelled Z, to represent the lowest energy electron transition in the visible...
22M.2.hl.TZ2.5a(i):
State the full electronic configuration of Fe²⁺.
22M.2.hl.TZ2.a(i):
State the full electronic configuration of Fe²⁺.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.2e.ii:
This reaction can be done with a copper catalyst. State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.e.ii:
This reaction can be done with a copper catalyst. State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.3a:
State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe²⁺.
22N.2.sl.TZ0.a:
State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe²⁺.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.2e.ii:
This reaction can be done with a copper catalyst. State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.e.ii:
This reaction can be done with a copper catalyst. State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.3a:
State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe²⁺.
22N.2.hl.TZ0.a:
State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe²⁺.
17N.1.sl.TZ0.6:
Which is the electron configuration of a chromium atom in the ground state?

A. [Ne]3s²3p⁶4s¹3d⁴

B. [Ar]3d³

C. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁴

D. [Ar]4s¹3d⁵
17N.2.sl.TZ0.2d: Describe the emission spectrum of hydrogen.
17N.2.sl.TZ0.d: Describe the emission spectrum of hydrogen.
17N.2.hl.TZ0.2b: Outline how this spectrum is related to the energy levels in the hydrogen atom.
17N.2.hl.TZ0.b: Outline how this spectrum is related to the energy levels in the hydrogen atom.
18M.2.hl.TZ1.2c:
When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.
18M.2.hl.TZ1.c:
When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.
18M.2.hl.TZ2.3a.iv:
Calculate the wavelength, in m, for the electron transition corresponding to the frequency in (a)(iii) using section 1 of the data booklet.
18M.2.hl.TZ2.a.iv:
Calculate the wavelength, in m, for the electron transition corresponding to the frequency in (a)(iii) using section 1 of the data booklet.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.2ai: Annotate and label the ground state orbital diagram of boron, using arrows to represent electrons.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.i: Annotate and label the ground state orbital diagram of boron, using arrows to represent electrons.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.3ai: Outline the meaning of homologous series.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.i: Outline the meaning of homologous series.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.5ai:
Draw one Lewis (electron dot) structure of the sulfate ion.
23M.2.HL.TZ1.i:
Draw one Lewis (electron dot) structure of the sulfate ion.
23M.1.HL.TZ1.4: What is the maximum number of electrons in energy level n = 4? A. 8 B. 18 C. 32 D. 50
23M.1.HL.TZ1.32: Which formula represents an ether? A. C6H5OH B. CH3CHO C. CH3COCH3 D. CH3OCH3
23M.1.HL.TZ2.34: What is the preferred IUPAC name of the structure shown? A. 2-ethyl-3-methylbutan-1-ol B. ...
23M.2.SL.TZ1.2ai: Annotate and label the ground state orbital diagram of boron, using arrows to represent electrons.
23M.2.SL.TZ1.i: Annotate and label the ground state orbital diagram of boron, using arrows to represent electrons.
23M.2.SL.TZ1.3ai: Outline the meaning of homologous series.
23M.2.SL.TZ1.i: Outline the meaning of homologous series.
23M.2.SL.TZ2.3a:
An electrolytic cell was set up using inert electrodes and molten magnesium chloride, MgCl₂ (l).
23M.2.SL.TZ2.a:
An electrolytic cell was set up using inert electrodes and molten magnesium chloride, MgCl₂ (l).
23M.1.SL.TZ2.6:
The following diagram shows a light passing through a cold gas cloud, and light from a hot gas cloud.

^{[Source: Image with permission from The Pennsylvania State University.]}

Which types of spectra are associated with light passing through a cold gas cloud, Spectrum A, and light from a hot gas cloud, Spectrum B?

Spectrum A Spectrum B

A.   Absorption Emission

B.   Emission Absorption

C.   Absorption Absorption

D.   Emission Emission
23M.1.SL.TZ2.7:
What is the electron configuration for an element in group 4 period 5?

A. [Kr] 5s²4d²

B. [Ar] 4s²3d³

C. [Ar] 4s²3d¹⁰4p³

D. [Kr] 5s²4d¹⁰5p²
23M.1.SL.TZ2.21: Which element has variable oxidation states in its compounds? A. Potassium B. Calcium C. ...
23M.1.SL.TZ2.22: Which chemical process would produce a voltaic cell? A. spontaneous redox reaction B. ...
23M.1.SL.TZ2.23:
Which species could be reduced to form SO₂?

A. S

B. H₂SO₃

C. H₂SO₄

D. (CH₃)₂S
23M.1.SL.TZ2.25:
Which products could be obtained by heating isomers of C₃H₈O under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)?
1. I. propanal
2. II. propanone
3. III. propanoic acid
A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
23M.1.SL.TZ2.26: What is the preferred IUPAC name of the structure shown? A. 2-ethyl-3-methylbutan-1-ol B. ...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.5: What is the maximum number of electrons in energy level n = 4? A. 8 B. 18 C. 32 D. 50
23M.1.SL.TZ1.27: The orange colour disappears when bromine water is added to compound X in the dark. Which...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.28: What is the percentage error if the enthalpy of combustion of a substance is...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.29: In which case would repetition produce an improvement in accuracy? A. A thermometer always gives...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.30:
Which technique is most likely to be used for identification of functional groups?

A. Combustion analysis

B. Determination of melting point

C. Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy

D. Mass spectroscopy (MS)
18M.1.sl.TZ1.6: Which are correct statements about the emission spectrum of hydrogen in the visible region? I. ...
18M.2.sl.TZ1.2b:
State the electron configuration of the Ca²⁺ ion.
18M.2.sl.TZ1.2c:
When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.
18M.2.sl.TZ1.b:
State the electron configuration of the Ca²⁺ ion.
18M.2.sl.TZ1.c:
When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.3a.i:
Draw the first four energy levels of a hydrogen atom on the axis, labelling n = 1, 2, 3 and 4.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.3a.ii:
Draw the lines, on your diagram, that represent the electron transitions to n = 2 in the emission spectrum.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.3c.i:
Copper is widely used as an electrical conductor.

Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electronic configuration of copper in the 4s and 3d orbitals.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.a.i:
Draw the first four energy levels of a hydrogen atom on the axis, labelling n = 1, 2, 3 and 4.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.a.ii:
Draw the lines, on your diagram, that represent the electron transitions to n = 2 in the emission spectrum.
18M.2.sl.TZ2.c.i:
Copper is widely used as an electrical conductor.

Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electronic configuration of copper in the 4s and 3d orbitals.
18N.1.sl.TZ0.5: Which statements are correct for the emission spectrum of hydrogen? I. The lines converge at...
18N.2.sl.TZ0.3a.i:
State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.
18N.2.sl.TZ0.3a.ii:
Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.
18N.2.sl.TZ0.a.i:
State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.
18N.2.sl.TZ0.a.ii:
Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.3a.i:
State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.3a.ii:
Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.a.i:
State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.a.ii:
Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.4a: Explain the decrease in atomic radius from Na to Cl.
18N.2.hl.TZ0.a: Explain the decrease in atomic radius from Na to Cl.