D.8 Nuclear medicine (HL only)

Technetium-99m has a half-life of $6.03$ hours. Calculate the amount of $1.00\times {10}^{-11} \mathrm{mol}$ of technetium-99m remaining after $48.0$ hours.

Technetium-99m has a half-life of $6.03$ hours. Calculate the amount of $1.00\times {10}^{-11} \mathrm{mol}$ of technetium-99m remaining after $48.0$ hours.

Technetium-99m has a half-life of $6.03$ hours. Calculate the amount of $1.00\times {10}^{-11} \mathrm{mol}$ of technetium-99m remaining after $48.0$ hours.

Outline how Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) is used for treating cancers that have spread throughout the body.

Outline how Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) is used for treating cancers that have spread throughout the body.

Outline how Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) is used for treating cancers that have spread throughout the body.

Suggest why the percentage of technetium-99m remaining in the human body two days after injection will be lower than that calculated in (b)(i).

Suggest why the percentage of technetium-99m remaining in the human body two days after injection will be lower than that calculated in (b)(i).

Suggest why the percentage of technetium-99m remaining in the human body two days after injection will be lower than that calculated in (b)(i).

Technetium-99m (${}_{43}^{99\text{m}}\text{Tc}$) has a half-life of 6.0 hours. Calculate the percentage of ${}_{43}^{99\text{m}}\text{Tc}$ remaining in a sample of the radioisotope after two days.

Technetium-99m (${}_{43}^{99\text{m}}\text{Tc}$) has a half-life of 6.0 hours. Calculate the percentage of ${}_{43}^{99\text{m}}\text{Tc}$ remaining in a sample of the radioisotope after two days.

Technetium-99m (${}_{43}^{99\text{m}}\text{Tc}$) has a half-life of 6.0 hours. Calculate the percentage of ${}_{43}^{99\text{m}}\text{Tc}$ remaining in a sample of the radioisotope after two days.

Outline the disposal of LLW.

Outline the disposal of LLW.

Outline the disposal of LLW.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an application of NMR technology using radiowaves.

Suggest why MRI is much less dangerous than imaging techniques such as X-rays and radiotracers. Use section 3 of the data booklet.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an application of NMR technology using radiowaves.

Suggest why MRI is much less dangerous than imaging techniques such as X-rays and radiotracers. Use section 3 of the data booklet.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an application of NMR technology using radiowaves.

Suggest why MRI is much less dangerous than imaging techniques such as X-rays and radiotracers. Use section 3 of the data booklet.

Evaluate the suitability of technetium-99m for this use.

Evaluate the suitability of technetium-99m for this use.

Evaluate the suitability of technetium-99m for this use.

State a nuclear equation to show the decay of lutetium-177.

State a nuclear equation to show the decay of lutetium-177.

State a nuclear equation to show the decay of lutetium-177.

The half-life of lutetium-177 is 6.73 days. Determine the percentage of a sample of lutetium-177 remaining after 14.0 days.

The half-life of lutetium-177 is 6.73 days. Determine the percentage of a sample of lutetium-177 remaining after 14.0 days.

The half-life of lutetium-177 is 6.73 days. Determine the percentage of a sample of lutetium-177 remaining after 14.0 days.

Describe how ionizing radiation destroys cancer cells.

Describe how ionizing radiation destroys cancer cells.

Describe how ionizing radiation destroys cancer cells.

Phosphorous-32 undergoes beta decay. Formulate a balanced nuclear equation for this process.

Phosphorous-32 undergoes beta decay. Formulate a balanced nuclear equation for this process.

Phosphorous-32 undergoes beta decay. Formulate a balanced nuclear equation for this process.

The half-life of phosphorus-32 is 14.3 days. Calculate the mass, in g, of ³²P remaining after 57.2 days if the initial sample contains 2.63 × 10⁻⁸ mol. Use table 1 of the data booklet and M_r = 31.97 g mol⁻¹.

The half-life of phosphorus-32 is 14.3 days. Calculate the mass, in g, of ³²P remaining after 57.2 days if the initial sample contains 2.63 × 10⁻⁸ mol. Use table 1 of the data booklet and M_r = 31.97 g mol⁻¹.

The half-life of phosphorus-32 is 14.3 days. Calculate the mass, in g, of ³²P remaining after 57.2 days if the initial sample contains 2.63 × 10⁻⁸ mol. Use table 1 of the data booklet and M_r = 31.97 g mol⁻¹.

Explain the targeted alpha therapy (TAT) technique and why it is useful.

Explain the targeted alpha therapy (TAT) technique and why it is useful.

Explain the targeted alpha therapy (TAT) technique and why it is useful.

Alpha particles are more damaging to human cells than any other nuclear radiation and yet they are used in targeted alpha therapy (TAT).

Explain how TAT is relatively safe to use in the treatment of dispersed cancers.

Alpha particles are more damaging to human cells than any other nuclear radiation and yet they are used in targeted alpha therapy (TAT).

Explain how TAT is relatively safe to use in the treatment of dispersed cancers.

Alpha particles are more damaging to human cells than any other nuclear radiation and yet they are used in targeted alpha therapy (TAT).

Explain how TAT is relatively safe to use in the treatment of dispersed cancers.

Determine the percentage of technetium-99m remaining after 24.0 hours.

Determine the percentage of technetium-99m remaining after 24.0 hours.

Determine the percentage of technetium-99m remaining after 24.0 hours.

Technetium-99 decays further, emitting beta radiation. Formulate the equation for the decay of technetium-99.

Technetium-99 decays further, emitting beta radiation. Formulate the equation for the decay of technetium-99.

Technetium-99 decays further, emitting beta radiation. Formulate the equation for the decay of technetium-99.

Calculate the percentage of technetium-99m remaining after 10.0 hours. Use section 1 of the data booklet.

Calculate the percentage of technetium-99m remaining after 10.0 hours. Use section 1 of the data booklet.

Calculate the percentage of technetium-99m remaining after 10.0 hours. Use section 1 of the data booklet.

25.0 μg of iodine-131, with a half-life of 8.00 days, was left to decay.

Calculate the mass of iodine-131, in μg, remaining after 32.0 days. Use section 1 of the data booklet.

25.0 μg of iodine-131, with a half-life of 8.00 days, was left to decay.

Calculate the mass of iodine-131, in μg, remaining after 32.0 days. Use section 1 of the data booklet.

25.0 μg of iodine-131, with a half-life of 8.00 days, was left to decay.

Calculate the mass of iodine-131, in μg, remaining after 32.0 days. Use section 1 of the data booklet.

State the type of radiation technetium-99m emits.

State the type of radiation technetium-99m emits.

State the type of radiation technetium-99m emits.