7.3 – The structure of matter

When a pi meson π- (du̅) and a proton (uud) collide, a possible outcome is a sigma baryon Σ⁰ (uds) and a kaon meson Κ⁰ (ds̅).

Apply three conservation laws to show that this interaction is possible.

When a pi meson π- (du̅) and a proton (uud) collide, a possible outcome is a sigma baryon Σ⁰ (uds) and a kaon meson Κ⁰ (ds̅).

Apply three conservation laws to show that this interaction is possible.

When a pi meson π- (du̅) and a proton (uud) collide, a possible outcome is a sigma baryon Σ⁰ (uds) and a kaon meson Κ⁰ (ds̅).

Apply three conservation laws to show that this interaction is possible.

The neutron number N and the proton number Z are not equal for the nuclide ${}_{81}{}^{205}\text{Tl}$. Explain, with reference to the forces acting within the nucleus, the reason for this.

The neutron number N and the proton number Z are not equal for the nuclide ${}_{81}{}^{205}\text{Tl}$. Explain, with reference to the forces acting within the nucleus, the reason for this.

The neutron number N and the proton number Z are not equal for the nuclide ${}_{81}{}^{205}\text{Tl}$. Explain, with reference to the forces acting within the nucleus, the reason for this.

A particle reaction is

$p+e^{-}+{\overline{V}}_{\mu }\to n+{\mu }^{+}+v_e$.

Which conservation law is violated by the reaction?

A. Baryon number

B. Charge

C. Lepton number

D. Momentum

A particle reaction is

$p+e^{-}+{\overline{V}}_{\mu }\to n+{\mu }^{+}+v_e$.

Which conservation law is violated by the reaction?

A. Baryon number

B. Charge

C. Lepton number

D. Momentum

The neutron number N and the proton number Z are not equal for the nuclide ${}_{81}{}^{205}\text{Tl}$. Explain, with reference to the forces acting within the nucleus, the reason for this.

The neutron number N and the proton number Z are not equal for the nuclide ${}_{81}{}^{205}\text{Tl}$. Explain, with reference to the forces acting within the nucleus, the reason for this.

The neutron number N and the proton number Z are not equal for the nuclide ${}_{81}{}^{205}\text{Tl}$. Explain, with reference to the forces acting within the nucleus, the reason for this.

Draw a labelled arrow to complete the Feynman diagram.

Draw a labelled arrow to complete the Feynman diagram.

Draw a labelled arrow to complete the Feynman diagram.

Describe the quark structure of a baryon.

Describe the quark structure of a baryon.

Describe the quark structure of a baryon.

Energy is transferred to a hadron in an attempt to separate its quarks. Describe the implications of quark confinement for this situation.

Energy is transferred to a hadron in an attempt to separate its quarks. Describe the implications of quark confinement for this situation.

Energy is transferred to a hadron in an attempt to separate its quarks. Describe the implications of quark confinement for this situation.

Sketch the Feynman diagram that represents this reaction. The diagram has been started for you.

Sketch the Feynman diagram that represents this reaction. The diagram has been started for you.

Sketch the Feynman diagram that represents this reaction. The diagram has been started for you.

The ${\pi }^{+}$ meson contains an up ($u$) quark. What is the quark structure of the ${\pi }^{-}$ meson?

A. $ud$

B. $u\overline{d}$

C. $\overline{u}d$

D. $\overline{u}\overline{d}$

The ${\pi }^{+}$ meson contains an up ($u$) quark. What is the quark structure of the ${\pi }^{-}$ meson?

A. $ud$

B. $u\overline{d}$

C. $\overline{u}d$

D. $\overline{u}\overline{d}$

Three conservation laws in nuclear reactions are

I. conservation of charge

II. conservation of baryon number

III. conservation of lepton number.

The reaction

$n\to {\pi }^{-}+e^{+}+{\overline{v}}_e$

is proposed.

Which conservation laws are violated in the proposed reaction?

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

Three conservation laws in nuclear reactions are

I. conservation of charge

II. conservation of baryon number

III. conservation of lepton number.

The reaction

$n\to {\pi }^{-}+e^{+}+{\overline{v}}_e$

is proposed.

Which conservation laws are violated in the proposed reaction?

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

Deduce, referring to one conservation law, that X is a quark-antiquark pair.

Deduce, referring to one conservation law, that X is a quark-antiquark pair.

Deduce, referring to one conservation law, that X is a quark-antiquark pair.

Which Feynman diagram shows beta-plus (β⁺) decay?

Which Feynman diagram shows beta-plus (β⁺) decay?

Rutherford constructed a model of the atom based on the results of the alpha particle scattering experiment. Describe this model.

Rutherford constructed a model of the atom based on the results of the alpha particle scattering experiment. Describe this model.

Rutherford constructed a model of the atom based on the results of the alpha particle scattering experiment. Describe this model.

Identify particle V.

Identify particle V.

Identify particle V.

Copper (${}_{29}^{64}\text{Cu}$) decays to nickel (${}_{28}^{64}\text{Ni}$). What are the particles emitted and the particle that mediates the interaction?

Copper (${}_{29}^{64}\text{Cu}$) decays to nickel (${}_{28}^{64}\text{Ni}$). What are the particles emitted and the particle that mediates the interaction?

The following interaction is proposed between a proton and a pion.

p⁺ + $\pi$^– → K^– + $\pi$⁺

The quark content of the $\pi$^– is ūd and the quark content of the K^– is ūs.

Three conservation rules are considered

I.   baryon number

II.  charge

III. strangeness.

Which conservation rules are violated in this interaction?

A.   I and II only

B.   I and III only

C.   II and III only

D.   I, II and III

The following interaction is proposed between a proton and a pion.

p⁺ + $\pi$^– → K^– + $\pi$⁺

The quark content of the $\pi$^– is ūd and the quark content of the K^– is ūs.

Three conservation rules are considered

I.   baryon number

II.  charge

III. strangeness.

Which conservation rules are violated in this interaction?

A.   I and II only

B.   I and III only

C.   II and III only

D.   I, II and III

The following decay is observed.

μ⁻ → e⁻ + v_μ + X

What is particle X?

A.   γ

B.   $\overline{v}$_e

C.   Z⁰

D.   v_e

The following decay is observed.

μ⁻ → e⁻ + v_μ + X

What is particle X?

A.   γ

B.   $\overline{v}$_e

C.   Z⁰

D.   v_e

The Feynman diagram shows some of the changes in a proton–proton collision.

What is the equation for this collision?

A.  $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{p}+\mathrm{n}+{\mathrm{\pi }}^{+}$

B.  $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{p}+\mathrm{n}+{\mathrm{\pi }}^{-}$

C.  $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{n}}+{\mathrm{\pi }}^{+}$

D.  $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{n}}+{\mathrm{\pi }}^{-}$

The Feynman diagram shows some of the changes in a proton–proton collision.

What is the equation for this collision?

A.  $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{p}+\mathrm{n}+{\mathrm{\pi }}^{+}$

B.  $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{p}+\mathrm{n}+{\mathrm{\pi }}^{-}$

C.  $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{n}}+{\mathrm{\pi }}^{+}$

D.  $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{n}}+{\mathrm{\pi }}^{-}$

Thallium-206 $\left({}_{81}{}^{206}\text{Tl}\right)$ decays into lead-206 $\left({}_{82}{}^{206}\text{Pb}\right)$.

Identify the quark changes for this decay.

Thallium-206 $\left({}_{81}{}^{206}\text{Tl}\right)$ decays into lead-206 $\left({}_{82}{}^{206}\text{Pb}\right)$.

Identify the quark changes for this decay.

Thallium-206 $\left({}_{81}{}^{206}\text{Tl}\right)$ decays into lead-206 $\left({}_{82}{}^{206}\text{Pb}\right)$.

Identify the quark changes for this decay.

Thallium-206 $\left({}_{81}{}^{206}\text{Tl}\right)$ decays into lead-206 $\left({}_{82}{}^{206}\text{Pb}\right)$.

Identify the quark changes for this decay.

Thallium-206 $\left({}_{81}{}^{206}\text{Tl}\right)$ decays into lead-206 $\left({}_{82}{}^{206}\text{Pb}\right)$.

Identify the quark changes for this decay.

Thallium-206 $\left({}_{81}{}^{206}\text{Tl}\right)$ decays into lead-206 $\left({}_{82}{}^{206}\text{Pb}\right)$.

Identify the quark changes for this decay.