2.8.1 Socially optimum output

Using an externalities diagram, explain how the widespread use of solar panels will decrease the negative externalities of consumption caused by the use of kerosene lamps (paragraph [5]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how the widespread use of solar panels will decrease the negative externalities of consumption caused by the use of kerosene lamps (paragraph [5]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how the widespread use of solar panels will decrease the negative externalities of consumption caused by the use of kerosene lamps (paragraph [5]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how the Chinese infrastructure projects have caused negative externalities (paragraph [6]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how the Chinese infrastructure projects have caused negative externalities (paragraph [6]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how the Chinese infrastructure projects have caused negative externalities (paragraph [6]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain why the garment industry is a source of market failure (paragraph [8]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain why the garment industry is a source of market failure (paragraph [8]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain why the garment industry is a source of market failure (paragraph [8]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how “greater access to education” for girls in Pakistan could reduce market failure (paragraph [5]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how “greater access to education” for girls in Pakistan could reduce market failure (paragraph [5]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how “greater access to education” for girls in Pakistan could reduce market failure (paragraph [5]).

Using an AD/AS diagram, explain how the construction of the China–Laos railway will contribute to economic growth in Laos (paragraph [1]).

Using an AD/AS diagram, explain how the construction of the China–Laos railway will contribute to economic growth in Laos (paragraph [1]).

Using an AD/AS diagram, explain how the construction of the China–Laos railway will contribute to economic growth in Laos (paragraph [1]).

Explain why merit goods tend to be under-provided in a free market.

Explain why merit goods tend to be under-provided in a free market.

Explain why merit goods tend to be under-provided in a free market.

Using an externalities diagram, explain how coal-fired power plants in the US might be causing market failure (paragraphs [3] and [4]). 

Using an externalities diagram, explain how coal-fired power plants in the US might be causing market failure (paragraphs [3] and [4]). 

Using an externalities diagram, explain how coal-fired power plants in the US might be causing market failure (paragraphs [3] and [4]). 

Using an externalities diagram, explain how the construction of an oil pipeline through Tanzania could result in market failure (Text C).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how the construction of an oil pipeline through Tanzania could result in market failure (Text C).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how the construction of an oil pipeline through Tanzania could result in market failure (Text C).

Discuss the view that competitive markets will always achieve allocative efficiency.

Discuss the view that competitive markets will always achieve allocative efficiency.

Discuss the view that competitive markets will always achieve allocative efficiency.

Examine the view that the best allocation of resources, from society’s point of view, occurs where the marginal private benefit equals the marginal private cost.

Examine the view that the best allocation of resources, from society’s point of view, occurs where the marginal private benefit equals the marginal private cost.

Examine the view that the best allocation of resources, from society’s point of view, occurs where the marginal private benefit equals the marginal private cost.

Using an externalities diagram, explain why the percentage of infants receiving measles vaccinations in Nigeria indicates the existence of a market failure (Table 1).

Using an externalities diagram, explain why the percentage of infants receiving measles vaccinations in Nigeria indicates the existence of a market failure (Table 1).

Using an externalities diagram, explain why the percentage of infants receiving measles vaccinations in Nigeria indicates the existence of a market failure (Table 1).

Using an externalities diagram, explain why “business pollution” is leading to market failure in STP (paragraph [5]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain why “business pollution” is leading to market failure in STP (paragraph [5]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain why “business pollution” is leading to market failure in STP (paragraph [5]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain the benefits of hygiene and sanitation education programmes (paragraph [5]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain the benefits of hygiene and sanitation education programmes (paragraph [5]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain the benefits of hygiene and sanitation education programmes (paragraph [5]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how manufacturing companies in Brazil are contributing to market failure (paragraph [7]). 

Using an externalities diagram, explain how manufacturing companies in Brazil are contributing to market failure (paragraph [7]). 

Using an externalities diagram, explain how manufacturing companies in Brazil are contributing to market failure (paragraph [7]). 

Using an externalities diagram, explain how dependence on coal could be a source of market failure (Text B, paragraph [3]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how dependence on coal could be a source of market failure (Text B, paragraph [3]).

Using an externalities diagram, explain how dependence on coal could be a source of market failure (Text B, paragraph [3]).

Using a diagram and the information above, explain why traffic congestion in India may be considered an example of market failure.

Using a diagram and the information above, explain why traffic congestion in India may be considered an example of market failure.

Using a diagram and the information above, explain why traffic congestion in India may be considered an example of market failure.

Using the text/data provided and your knowledge of economics, recommend a policy which could be introduced by the government of India in order to address the problem of traffic congestion in New Delhi.

Using the text/data provided and your knowledge of economics, recommend a policy which could be introduced by the government of India in order to address the problem of traffic congestion in New Delhi.

Using the text/data provided and your knowledge of economics, recommend a policy which could be introduced by the government of India in order to address the problem of traffic congestion in New Delhi.

Explain why the existence of positive externalities of consumption would lead to allocative inefficiency and thus a welfare loss.

Explain why the existence of positive externalities of consumption would lead to allocative inefficiency and thus a welfare loss.

Explain why the existence of positive externalities of consumption would lead to allocative inefficiency and thus a welfare loss.

Using an externalities diagram, explain why the government should subsidize health care (Text E).

Using an externalities diagram, explain why the government should subsidize health care (Text E).

Using an externalities diagram, explain why the government should subsidize health care (Text E).