B3.2. Transport

The light micrograph shows two blood vessels, an artery and a vein, in transverse section.

[Source: Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning, n.d. Epithelium: Simple Squamous Epithelium. [image online] Available at: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/sbpm_histology_old/lab/lab02_squamous.html [Accessed 29 November 2019].]

What explains the different shapes of these blood vessels?

A. Arteries do not have valves.

B. Muscle cells are found only in the walls of veins.

C. Arteries have a larger lumen-to-wall thickness ratio.

D. There are fewer elastic fibres in the walls of veins.

This micrograph shows a transverse section of an artery.

State the independent and dependent variables in this experiment.

Independent: 

Dependent: 

State one feature of the rings that has to be kept constant apart from their initial diameter.

Explain the differences between the results shown for vein and artery.

The light micrograph shows the structure of blood vessels in a muscle.

_{[Source: Calvo, J.L., n.d. [image online] Available at: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/muscular-artery-veinnervebundles-
surrounded-785176687 [Accessed 12 January 2022].]}

Which blood vessel is shown by X?

A.  A vein

B.  An artery

C.  An arteriole

D.  A capillary

The light micrograph shows two blood vessels, an artery and a vein, in transverse section.

[Source: Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning, n.d. Epithelium: Simple Squamous Epithelium. [image online] Available at: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/sbpm_histology_old/lab/lab02_squamous.html [Accessed 29 November 2019].]

What explains the different shapes of these blood vessels?

A. Arteries do not have valves.

B. Muscle cells are found only in the walls of veins.

C. Arteries have a larger lumen-to-wall thickness ratio.

D. There are fewer elastic fibres in the walls of veins.

The light micrograph shows two blood vessels, an artery and a vein, in transverse section.

[Source: Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning, n.d. Epithelium: Simple Squamous Epithelium. [image online] Available at: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/sbpm_histology_old/lab/lab02_squamous.html [Accessed 29 November 2019].]

What explains the different shapes of these blood vessels?

A. Arteries do not have valves.

B. Muscle cells are found only in the walls of veins.

C. Arteries have a larger lumen-to-wall thickness ratio.

D. There are fewer elastic fibres in the walls of veins.

The light micrograph shows two blood vessels, an artery and a vein, in transverse section.

[Source: Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning, n.d. Epithelium: Simple Squamous Epithelium. [image online] Available at: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/sbpm_histology_old/lab/lab02_squamous.html [Accessed 29 November 2019].]

What explains the different shapes of these blood vessels?

A. Arteries do not have valves.

B. Muscle cells are found only in the walls of veins.

C. Arteries have a larger lumen-to-wall thickness ratio.

D. There are fewer elastic fibres in the walls of veins.

The light micrograph shows two blood vessels, an artery and a vein, in transverse section.

[Source: Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning, n.d. Epithelium: Simple Squamous Epithelium. [image online] Available at: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/sbpm_histology_old/lab/lab02_squamous.html [Accessed 29 November 2019].]

What explains the different shapes of these blood vessels?

A. Arteries do not have valves.

B. Muscle cells are found only in the walls of veins.

C. Arteries have a larger lumen-to-wall thickness ratio.

D. There are fewer elastic fibres in the walls of veins.

The light micrograph shows two blood vessels, an artery and a vein, in transverse section.

[Source: Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning, n.d. Epithelium: Simple Squamous Epithelium. [image online] Available at: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/sbpm_histology_old/lab/lab02_squamous.html [Accessed 29 November 2019].]

What explains the different shapes of these blood vessels?

A. Arteries do not have valves.

B. Muscle cells are found only in the walls of veins.

C. Arteries have a larger lumen-to-wall thickness ratio.

D. There are fewer elastic fibres in the walls of veins.

This micrograph shows a transverse section of an artery.

This micrograph shows a transverse section of an artery.

State the independent and dependent variables in this experiment.

Independent: 

Dependent: 

State one feature of the rings that has to be kept constant apart from their initial diameter.

Explain the differences between the results shown for vein and artery.

The light micrograph shows the structure of blood vessels in a muscle.

_{[Source: Calvo, J.L., n.d. [image online] Available at: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/muscular-artery-veinnervebundles-
surrounded-785176687 [Accessed 12 January 2022].]}

Which blood vessel is shown by X?

A.  A vein

B.  An artery

C.  An arteriole

D.  A capillary

Evaluate the effect of salt on blood pressure using the data in the graph.

This micrograph shows a transverse section of an artery.

Evaluate the effect of salt on blood pressure using the data in the graph.

This micrograph shows a transverse section of an artery.

This micrograph shows a transverse section of an artery.

Compare and contrast the effect on men and women of an increase in serum cholesterol.

Scientific evidence demonstrates that reducing total cardiovascular risk results in the prevention of coronary heart disease. The chart shows attributable deaths in global population (in thousands) due to six leading cardiovascular risk factors.

Mendis, Shanthi, Puska, Pekka, Norrving, B, World Health Organization, World Heart Federation et al. (2011). Global
atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control / edited by: Shanthi Mendis ... [et al.]. World Health Organization.
Graph of attributable deaths due to selected risk factors.

Describe how two named risk factors shown in the graph can lead to coronary heart disease.

1.

2.

Compare and contrast the effect on men and women of an increase in serum cholesterol.

Scientific evidence demonstrates that reducing total cardiovascular risk results in the prevention of coronary heart disease. The chart shows attributable deaths in global population (in thousands) due to six leading cardiovascular risk factors.

Mendis, Shanthi, Puska, Pekka, Norrving, B, World Health Organization, World Heart Federation et al. (2011). Global
atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control / edited by: Shanthi Mendis ... [et al.]. World Health Organization.
Graph of attributable deaths due to selected risk factors.

Describe how two named risk factors shown in the graph can lead to coronary heart disease.

1.

2.

Label with an R the tissue where the red dye would appear.

Describe the processes that cause water to move from the roots of plants to their leaves.

Distinguish between the xylem and phloem of plants.

The stem of a young plant is cut through and the cut end is immersed in water containing a red dye. The plant continues to transpire as normal. In what region of the stem would the red colour be visible soon after immersion?

_{[Source: Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library, 2014. Herbaceous Dicot Stem: Vascular Bundles Young
Helianthus. [image online] Available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/146824358@N03/36834307513 [Accessed
4 October 2021]. Public domain.]}

Label with an R the tissue where the red dye would appear.

Describe the processes that cause water to move from the roots of plants to their leaves.

Describe the processes that cause water to move from the roots of plants to their leaves.

Distinguish between the xylem and phloem of plants.

Distinguish between the xylem and phloem of plants.

The stem of a young plant is cut through and the cut end is immersed in water containing a red dye. The plant continues to transpire as normal. In what region of the stem would the red colour be visible soon after immersion?

_{[Source: Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library, 2014. Herbaceous Dicot Stem: Vascular Bundles Young
Helianthus. [image online] Available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/146824358@N03/36834307513 [Accessed
4 October 2021]. Public domain.]}

Label with a C the tissue where organic compounds are transported.

In the micrograph of a plant stem, which letter indicates the xylem?

[Source: adapted from Kelvinsong/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en]

The image shows part of a section through the stem of a non-woody plant. Where does transport of sucrose occur?

[Source: Courtesy of Kelly Cude, PhD, Professor Biological Sciences, College of the Canyons.]

Distinguish between the xylem and phloem of plants.

Label with a C the tissue where organic compounds are transported.

In the micrograph of a plant stem, which letter indicates the xylem?

[Source: adapted from Kelvinsong/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en]

The image shows part of a section through the stem of a non-woody plant. Where does transport of sucrose occur?

[Source: Courtesy of Kelly Cude, PhD, Professor Biological Sciences, College of the Canyons.]

Distinguish between the xylem and phloem of plants.

Distinguish between the xylem and phloem of plants.

Distinguish between the xylem and phloem of plants.

Distinguish between the xylem and phloem of plants.

Distinguish between the xylem and phloem of plants.

On the diagram, label the aorta.

On the diagram, label the right atrium. 

The diagram shows the human heart.

Describe how the structure of cardiac muscle cells allows them to carry out their function.

State one condition which would require the use of an artificial pacemaker.

The image shows the four chambers of the mammalian heart viewed from the ventral side. The sinoatrial node is located in the wall of one of these chambers. Which chamber is it?

Which diagram represents blood flow through the mammalian heart?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

The diagram shows a staggered transverse section (cut across rather than down) through the heart.

[Source: Oregon State University, n.d. Heart Anatomy. [diagram online] Available at:
https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/19-1-heart-anatomy/ [Accessed 28 October 2021].]

In what state are the valves when the ventricles are contracting?

Annotate the diagram by adding arrows to show how deoxygenated blood enters the heart.

Explain the function of the left ventricle.

Explain how cardiac muscle is adapted to its function.

On the diagram, label the aorta.

On the diagram, label the right atrium. 

On the diagram, label the aorta.

On the diagram, label the right atrium. 

The diagram shows the human heart.

Describe how the structure of cardiac muscle cells allows them to carry out their function.

State one condition which would require the use of an artificial pacemaker.

The image shows the four chambers of the mammalian heart viewed from the ventral side. The sinoatrial node is located in the wall of one of these chambers. Which chamber is it?

Which diagram represents blood flow through the mammalian heart?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

The diagram shows a staggered transverse section (cut across rather than down) through the heart.

[Source: Oregon State University, n.d. Heart Anatomy. [diagram online] Available at:
https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/19-1-heart-anatomy/ [Accessed 28 October 2021].]

In what state are the valves when the ventricles are contracting?

Annotate the diagram by adding arrows to show how deoxygenated blood enters the heart.

Explain the function of the left ventricle.

Annotate the diagram by adding arrows to show how deoxygenated blood enters the heart.

Explain the function of the left ventricle.

Explain how cardiac muscle is adapted to its function.

Distinguish between the different phases of the cardiac cycle in the atria and in the ventricular muscle.

Sketch the pattern seen in a typical electrocardiogram (ECG) trace for one complete cardiac cycle, including labels of the main features.

The graph shows blood pressure changes on the left side of the heart during one heartbeat. Identify the two parts of the circulatory system that produce traces I and II on the graph.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

State one condition which would require the use of an artificial pacemaker.

Outline the role of the right atrium in the cardiac cycle.

Distinguish between the different phases of the cardiac cycle in the atria and in the ventricular muscle.

Sketch the pattern seen in a typical electrocardiogram (ECG) trace for one complete cardiac cycle, including labels of the main features.

The graph shows blood pressure changes on the left side of the heart during one heartbeat. Identify the two parts of the circulatory system that produce traces I and II on the graph.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

The graph shows blood pressure changes on the left side of the heart during one heartbeat. Identify the two parts of the circulatory system that produce traces I and II on the graph.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

State one condition which would require the use of an artificial pacemaker.

Outline the role of the right atrium in the cardiac cycle.

Outline the role of the right atrium in the cardiac cycle.

Describe how plants transport organic compounds from where they are made to where they are stored.

Outline how the compounds produced by chloroplasts are distributed throughout the plant.

The image shows part of a section through the stem of a non-woody plant.

Explain how carbohydrates are transported from plant leaves.

Describe the transport of carbon compounds such as sucrose and amino acids in phloem.

Describe how plants transport organic compounds from where they are made to where they are stored.

Describe how plants transport organic compounds from where they are made to where they are stored.

Describe how plants transport organic compounds from where they are made to where they are stored.

Describe how plants transport organic compounds from where they are made to where they are stored.

Describe how plants transport organic compounds from where they are made to where they are stored.

Describe how plants transport organic compounds from where they are made to where they are stored.

Describe how plants transport organic compounds from where they are made to where they are stored.

Describe how plants transport organic compounds from where they are made to where they are stored.

Describe how plants transport organic compounds from where they are made to where they are stored.

Describe how plants transport organic compounds from where they are made to where they are stored.

Outline how the compounds produced by chloroplasts are distributed throughout the plant.

Outline how the compounds produced by chloroplasts are distributed throughout the plant.

The image shows part of a section through the stem of a non-woody plant.

Explain how carbohydrates are transported from plant leaves.

Describe the transport of carbon compounds such as sucrose and amino acids in phloem.

Describe the transport of carbon compounds such as sucrose and amino acids in phloem.