Structure 3. Classification of matter

Explain why the first ionization energy of calcium is greater than that of potassium.

Why is hydrated copper (II) sulfate blue?

A.  Blue light is emitted when electrons return to lower d-orbitals.

B.  Light complimentary to blue is absorbed when electrons return to lower d-orbitals.

C.  Blue light is emitted when electrons are promoted between d-orbitals.

D.  Light complimentary to blue is absorbed when electrons are promoted between d-orbitals.

What is the formal charge of the oxygen atom in H₃O⁺?

A.  −2

B.  −1

C.  0

D.  +1

[Cr(OH₂)₆]³⁺ is violet and [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺ is yellow. What is correct?

The Colour Wheel

Suggest the basis of these predictions.

Predict two other chemical properties you would expect rhenium to have, given its position in the periodic table.

Suggest why the existence of salts containing an ion with this formula could be predicted. Refer to section 7 of the data booklet.

What is the IUPAC name of NiCO₃?

A. nickel(II) carbonate

B. nickel carbonate

C. nickel(I) carbonate

D. nitrogen(I) carbonate

Calculate the oxidation state of sulfur in iron(II) disulfide, FeS₂.

State the product formed from the reaction of SO₃ with water.

Predict, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of ¹⁵N compares with that of ¹⁴N.

Suggest why it is surprising that dinitrogen monoxide dissolves in water to give a neutral solution.

Before its isolation, scientists predicted the existence of rhenium and some of its properties.

Suggest the basis of these predictions.

Which electrons are removed from iron (Z = 26) to form iron(II)?

A. two 3d electrons

B. two 4s electrons

C. one 4s electron and one 3d electron

D. two 4p electrons

Which describes an atom of bismuth, Bi (Z = 83)?

What is the oxidation state of the metal ion and charge of the complex ion in [Co(NH₃)₄Cl₂]Cl?

Predict, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of ¹⁵N compares with that of ¹⁴N.

What is the name of the compound with formula Ti₃(PO₄)₂?

A. Titanium phosphate

B. Titanium(II) phosphate

C. Titanium(III) phosphate

D. Titanium(IV) phosphate

What is the major reason why the pH of unpolluted rain is less than 7?

A. methane

B. carbon dioxide

C. nitrogen oxides

D. sulfur dioxide

Another airbag reactant produces nitrogen gas and sodium.

Suggest, including an equation, why the products of this reactant present a safety hazard.

What is the major reason why the pH of unpolluted rain is less than 7?

A. methane

B. carbon dioxide

C. nitrogen oxides

D. sulfur dioxide

Which describes an atom of bismuth, Bi (Z = 83)?

Which of the following is the electron configuration of a metallic element?

A.  [Ne] 3s² 3p²

B.  [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴

C.  [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s²

D.  [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵

Outline how one calcium compound in the lime cycle can reduce a problem caused by acid deposition.

Justify why sulfur is classified as a non-metal by giving two of its chemical properties.

Which is a d-block element?

A.  Ca

B.  Cf

C.  C$\text{l}$

D.  Co

Which represents electron affinity?

A.  Al²⁺(g) → Al³⁺(g) + e⁻

B.  C (g) + e⁻ → C⁻(g)

C.  Cl₂(g) → 2Cl (g)

D.  S (s) → S⁺(g) + e⁻

Justify why sulfur is classified as a non-metal by giving two of its chemical properties.

Which of the following shows a general increase across period 3 from $\mathrm{Na}$ to $\mathrm{Cl}$?

A.  Ionic radius

B.  Atomic radius

C.  Ionization energy

D.  Melting point

Which of these oxides contribute to acid deposition?

I.  ${\mathrm{SO}}_2$
II.  ${\mathrm{NO}}_2$
III.  ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$

A.  I and II only

B.  I and III only

C.  II and III only

D.  I, II and III

Which oxide will dissolve in water to give the solution with the lowest pH?

A.  ${\mathrm{P}}_4{\mathrm{O}}_{10}$

B.  ${\mathrm{SiO}}_2$

C.  ${\mathrm{Al}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$

D.  $\mathrm{MgO}$

Which complex ion contains a central ion with an oxidation state of +3?

A.  [PtCl₆]²⁻

B.  [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂]

C.  [Ni(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺

D.  [Co(NH₃)₄Cl₂]⁺

Which best explains why complexes of d-block elements are coloured?

A.  Light is absorbed when electrons are promoted between d orbitals.

B.  Light is emitted when electrons are promoted between d orbitals.

C.  Light is absorbed when electrons return to lower energy d orbitals.

D.  Light is emitted when electrons return to lower energy d orbitals.

Write an equation that shows how sulfur dioxide can produce acid rain.

What is the relative atomic mass of a sample of chlorine containing 70 % of the ³⁵Cl isotope and 30 % of the ³⁷Cl isotope?

A.  35.4

B.  35.5

C.  35.6

D.  35.7

Which elements are considered to be metalloids?

I.   Gallium

II.  Germanium

III. Arsenic

A.  I and II only

B.  I and III only

C.  II and III only

D.  I, II and III

Explain why the first ionization energy of calcium is greater than that of potassium.

Explain why the first ionization energy of calcium is greater than that of potassium.

Why is hydrated copper (II) sulfate blue?

A.  Blue light is emitted when electrons return to lower d-orbitals.

B.  Light complimentary to blue is absorbed when electrons return to lower d-orbitals.

C.  Blue light is emitted when electrons are promoted between d-orbitals.

D.  Light complimentary to blue is absorbed when electrons are promoted between d-orbitals.

What is the formal charge of the oxygen atom in H₃O⁺?

A.  −2

B.  −1

C.  0

D.  +1

[Cr(OH₂)₆]³⁺ is violet and [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺ is yellow. What is correct?

The Colour Wheel

Suggest the basis of these predictions.

Predict two other chemical properties you would expect rhenium to have, given its position in the periodic table.

Suggest why the existence of salts containing an ion with this formula could be predicted. Refer to section 7 of the data booklet.

Suggest the basis of these predictions.

Predict two other chemical properties you would expect rhenium to have, given its position in the periodic table.

Suggest why the existence of salts containing an ion with this formula could be predicted. Refer to section 7 of the data booklet.

What is the IUPAC name of NiCO₃?

A. nickel(II) carbonate

B. nickel carbonate

C. nickel(I) carbonate

D. nitrogen(I) carbonate

Calculate the oxidation state of sulfur in iron(II) disulfide, FeS₂.

Calculate the oxidation state of sulfur in iron(II) disulfide, FeS₂.

State the product formed from the reaction of SO₃ with water.

State the product formed from the reaction of SO₃ with water.

Predict, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of ¹⁵N compares with that of ¹⁴N.

Suggest why it is surprising that dinitrogen monoxide dissolves in water to give a neutral solution.

Predict, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of ¹⁵N compares with that of ¹⁴N.

Suggest why it is surprising that dinitrogen monoxide dissolves in water to give a neutral solution.

Before its isolation, scientists predicted the existence of rhenium and some of its properties.

Suggest the basis of these predictions.

Before its isolation, scientists predicted the existence of rhenium and some of its properties.

Suggest the basis of these predictions.

Which electrons are removed from iron (Z = 26) to form iron(II)?

A. two 3d electrons

B. two 4s electrons

C. one 4s electron and one 3d electron

D. two 4p electrons

Which describes an atom of bismuth, Bi (Z = 83)?

What is the oxidation state of the metal ion and charge of the complex ion in [Co(NH₃)₄Cl₂]Cl?

Predict, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of ¹⁵N compares with that of ¹⁴N.

Predict, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of ¹⁵N compares with that of ¹⁴N.

What is the name of the compound with formula Ti₃(PO₄)₂?

A. Titanium phosphate

B. Titanium(II) phosphate

C. Titanium(III) phosphate

D. Titanium(IV) phosphate

What is the major reason why the pH of unpolluted rain is less than 7?

A. methane

B. carbon dioxide

C. nitrogen oxides

D. sulfur dioxide

Another airbag reactant produces nitrogen gas and sodium.

Suggest, including an equation, why the products of this reactant present a safety hazard.

Another airbag reactant produces nitrogen gas and sodium.

Suggest, including an equation, why the products of this reactant present a safety hazard.

What is the major reason why the pH of unpolluted rain is less than 7?

A. methane

B. carbon dioxide

C. nitrogen oxides

D. sulfur dioxide

Which describes an atom of bismuth, Bi (Z = 83)?

Which of the following is the electron configuration of a metallic element?

A.  [Ne] 3s² 3p²

B.  [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴

C.  [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s²

D.  [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵

Outline how one calcium compound in the lime cycle can reduce a problem caused by acid deposition.

Outline how one calcium compound in the lime cycle can reduce a problem caused by acid deposition.

Justify why sulfur is classified as a non-metal by giving two of its chemical properties.

Justify why sulfur is classified as a non-metal by giving two of its chemical properties.

Which is a d-block element?

A.  Ca

B.  Cf

C.  C$\text{l}$

D.  Co

Which represents electron affinity?

A.  Al²⁺(g) → Al³⁺(g) + e⁻

B.  C (g) + e⁻ → C⁻(g)

C.  Cl₂(g) → 2Cl (g)

D.  S (s) → S⁺(g) + e⁻

Justify why sulfur is classified as a non-metal by giving two of its chemical properties.

Justify why sulfur is classified as a non-metal by giving two of its chemical properties.

Which of the following shows a general increase across period 3 from $\mathrm{Na}$ to $\mathrm{Cl}$?

A.  Ionic radius

B.  Atomic radius

C.  Ionization energy

D.  Melting point

Which of these oxides contribute to acid deposition?

I.  ${\mathrm{SO}}_2$
II.  ${\mathrm{NO}}_2$
III.  ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$

A.  I and II only

B.  I and III only

C.  II and III only

D.  I, II and III

Which oxide will dissolve in water to give the solution with the lowest pH?

A.  ${\mathrm{P}}_4{\mathrm{O}}_{10}$

B.  ${\mathrm{SiO}}_2$

C.  ${\mathrm{Al}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$

D.  $\mathrm{MgO}$

Which complex ion contains a central ion with an oxidation state of +3?

A.  [PtCl₆]²⁻

B.  [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂]

C.  [Ni(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺

D.  [Co(NH₃)₄Cl₂]⁺

Which best explains why complexes of d-block elements are coloured?

A.  Light is absorbed when electrons are promoted between d orbitals.

B.  Light is emitted when electrons are promoted between d orbitals.

C.  Light is absorbed when electrons return to lower energy d orbitals.

D.  Light is emitted when electrons return to lower energy d orbitals.

Write an equation that shows how sulfur dioxide can produce acid rain.

Write an equation that shows how sulfur dioxide can produce acid rain.

What is the relative atomic mass of a sample of chlorine containing 70 % of the ³⁵Cl isotope and 30 % of the ³⁷Cl isotope?

A.  35.4

B.  35.5

C.  35.6

D.  35.7

Which elements are considered to be metalloids?

I.   Gallium

II.  Germanium

III. Arsenic

A.  I and II only

B.  I and III only

C.  II and III only

D.  I, II and III

State the name of Compound B, applying International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules.

Identify the isomer of Compound B that exists as optical isomers (enantiomers).

Deduce the number of signals that you would expect in the ¹H NMR spectrum of nitrobenzene and the relative areas of these.

Which reagents and conditions are best for converting propan-1-ol into propanoic acid?

A.  Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

B.  Reflux with aqueous sodium hydroxide

C.  Distil with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

D.  Distil with aqueous sodium hydroxide

Which compound produces this mass spectrum?

^{[Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS. SDBS Compounds and Spectral Search. [graph] Available at:
https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp [Accessed 3 January 2019].]}

State the name of Compound A, applying International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules.

Which reagents and conditions are best for converting propan-1-ol into propanoic acid?

A.  Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

B.  Reflux with LiAlH₄

C.  Distil with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

D.  Distil with LiAlH₄

Given equimolar concentrations, which substance would produce the strongest signal in a ¹H NMR spectrum?

A.  (CH₃)₃CH

B.  C₆H₆

C.  C₈H₁₈

D.  Si(CH₃)₄

State the name of this compound, applying IUPAC rules.

Outline why the major product, C₆H₅–CHBr–CH₃, can exist in two forms and state the relationship between these forms.

Two forms: 

Relationship:

The minor product, C₆H₅–CH₂–CH₂Br, can exist in different conformational forms (isomers).

Outline what this means.

Suggest two differences in the ¹H NMR of but-2-ene and the organic product from (d)(ii).

Deduce the splitting pattern in the ¹H NMR spectrum for 1-bromopropane.

MnO₂ is another possible catalyst for the reaction. State the IUPAC name for MnO₂.

State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N:¹⁵N.

A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.

State the number of 1H NMR signals for this isomer of xylene and the ratio in which they appear.

Number of signals:

Ratio:

Draw the structure of one other isomer of xylene which retains the benzene ring.

State the name of this compound, applying IUPAC rules.

State the number of ¹H NMR signals for this isomer of xylene and the ratio in which they appear.

Draw the structure of one other isomer of xylene which retains the benzene ring.

The organic product is not optically active. Discuss whether or not the organic product is a racemic mixture.

Which can be identified using infrared (IR) spectroscopy?

A. functional groups

B. molar mass

C. 3-D configuration

D. bond angle

What can be deduced from the infrared (IR) spectrum of a compound?

A. Number of hydrogens

B. Number of hydrogen environments

C. Bonds present

D. Molar mass

MnO₂ is another possible catalyst for the reaction. State the IUPAC name for MnO₂.

Draw a circle around the functional group formed between the amino acids and state its name.

Name: 

What can be deduced from the infrared (IR) spectrum of a compound?

A. Number of hydrogens

B. Number of hydrogen environments

C. Bonds present

D. Molar mass

State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N : ¹⁵N.

A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.

Identify the chiral carbon atom using an asterisk, *.

Enantiomers can be identified using a polarimeter. Outline how this instrument differentiates the enantiomers.

Which compound produces the following ¹H NMR spectrum?

^{[Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS. SDBS Compounds and Spectral Search. [graph] Available at:
https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp [Accessed 3 January 2019].]}

A.  propanal

B.  propanone

C.  propane

D.  methlypropane

Label with an asterisk, *, the chiral carbon atom.

Ascorbic acid and retinol are two important vitamins.

Explain why ascorbic acid is soluble in water and retinol is not. Use section 35 of the data booklet.

Outline the operation of a polarimeter used to distinguish between enantiomers.

Aspirin can be obtained from salicylic acid.

Unreacted salicylic acid may be present as an impurity in aspirin and can be detected in the infrared (IR) spectrum.

Name the functional group and identify the absorption band that differentiates salicylic acid from aspirin. Use section 26 of the data booklet.

Name: 

Absorption band:

Which compound with the molecular formula ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_8\mathrm{O}$ has this high resolution ${}_1\mathrm{H} \mathrm{NMR}$?

From: libretexts.org. Courtesy of Chris Schaller, Professor (Chemistry)
at College of Saint Benedict/Saint John’s University.

A.  but-3-en-2-ol, ${\mathrm{CH}}_2=\mathrm{CHCH}\left(\mathrm{OH}\right){\mathrm{CH}}_3$

B.  butanal, ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{CHO}$

C.  butanone, ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{COCH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_3$

D.  but-3-en-1-ol, ${\mathrm{CH}}_2={\mathrm{CHCH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{OH}$

Which is the ¹H NMR spectrum of tetramethylsilane, TMS, (CH₃)₄Si?

Alcohol levels in the breath can also be determined using IR spectroscopy.

Suggest, giving a reason, which bond’s absorbance is most useful for detecting ethanol in breath.

Bond: 

Reason:

Which compound produces the following ¹H NMR spectrum?

SDBS, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST).

A.  Propane

B.  Propanone

C.  Propanal

D.  2,2-dimethylpropane

Explain how IR spectroscopy can be used to distinguish aspirin from salicylic acid.

Which spectra would show the difference between propan-2-ol, CH₃CH(OH)CH₃, and propanal, CH₃CH₂CHO?

I.   mass
II.  infrared
III. ¹H NMR

A.  I and II only

B.  I and III only

C.  II and III only

D.  I, II and III

Which compound rotates the plane of plane-polarized light?

A.  CH₃C(CH₃)ClCH₃

B.  CH₃CH₂CHClCH₃

C.  CH₃C(Cl)₂CH₃

D.  CH₃CClBrCH₃

What information can be deduced from the splitting pattern of ¹H NMR signals?

A.  total number of hydrogen atoms in a compound

B.  number of hydrogen atoms on adjacent atom(s)

C.  functional group on which hydrogen atoms are located

D.  number of hydrogen atoms in a particular chemical environment

Which molecule has an enantiomer?

A.  ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{OH}\right){\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_3$

B.  ${\mathrm{CH}}_2\left(\mathrm{OH}\right){\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{CH}={\mathrm{CH}}_2$

C.  ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHBr}$

D.  ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CHBrCH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_3$

Which is a homologous series?

A.  C₂H₄, C₃H₅, C₄H₆

B.  C₂H₂, C₃H₄, C₄H₆

C.  C₂H₂, C₂H₄, C₂H₆

D.  C₂H₂, C₄H₄, C₆H₆

Which organic compound has the ¹H NMR shown?

^{Source: Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS, n.d. [online] Available at:
https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

A.  Methanal

B.  Ethanoic acid

C.  Methyl ethanoate

D.  Propanoic acid

Which homologous series has the general formula C_nH_2nO (n > 2)?

A.  Alcohols

B.  Carboxylic acids

C.  Ethers

D.  Ketones

State the name of Compound B, applying International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules.

Identify the isomer of Compound B that exists as optical isomers (enantiomers).

State the name of Compound B, applying International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules.

Identify the isomer of Compound B that exists as optical isomers (enantiomers).

Deduce the number of signals that you would expect in the ¹H NMR spectrum of nitrobenzene and the relative areas of these.

Deduce the number of signals that you would expect in the ¹H NMR spectrum of nitrobenzene and the relative areas of these.

Which reagents and conditions are best for converting propan-1-ol into propanoic acid?

A.  Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

B.  Reflux with aqueous sodium hydroxide

C.  Distil with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

D.  Distil with aqueous sodium hydroxide

Which compound produces this mass spectrum?

^{[Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS. SDBS Compounds and Spectral Search. [graph] Available at:
https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp [Accessed 3 January 2019].]}

State the name of Compound A, applying International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules.

State the name of Compound A, applying International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules.

Which reagents and conditions are best for converting propan-1-ol into propanoic acid?

A.  Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

B.  Reflux with LiAlH₄

C.  Distil with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

D.  Distil with LiAlH₄

Given equimolar concentrations, which substance would produce the strongest signal in a ¹H NMR spectrum?

A.  (CH₃)₃CH

B.  C₆H₆

C.  C₈H₁₈

D.  Si(CH₃)₄

State the name of this compound, applying IUPAC rules.

State the name of this compound, applying IUPAC rules.

Outline why the major product, C₆H₅–CHBr–CH₃, can exist in two forms and state the relationship between these forms.

Two forms: 

Relationship:

The minor product, C₆H₅–CH₂–CH₂Br, can exist in different conformational forms (isomers).

Outline what this means.

Outline why the major product, C₆H₅–CHBr–CH₃, can exist in two forms and state the relationship between these forms.

Two forms: 

Relationship:

The minor product, C₆H₅–CH₂–CH₂Br, can exist in different conformational forms (isomers).

Outline what this means.

Suggest two differences in the ¹H NMR of but-2-ene and the organic product from (d)(ii).

Deduce the splitting pattern in the ¹H NMR spectrum for 1-bromopropane.

Suggest two differences in the ¹H NMR of but-2-ene and the organic product from (d)(ii).

Deduce the splitting pattern in the ¹H NMR spectrum for 1-bromopropane.

MnO₂ is another possible catalyst for the reaction. State the IUPAC name for MnO₂.

MnO₂ is another possible catalyst for the reaction. State the IUPAC name for MnO₂.

State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N:¹⁵N.

A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.

State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N:¹⁵N.

A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.

State the number of 1H NMR signals for this isomer of xylene and the ratio in which they appear.

Number of signals:

Ratio:

Draw the structure of one other isomer of xylene which retains the benzene ring.

State the number of 1H NMR signals for this isomer of xylene and the ratio in which they appear.

Number of signals:

Ratio:

Draw the structure of one other isomer of xylene which retains the benzene ring.

State the name of this compound, applying IUPAC rules.

State the name of this compound, applying IUPAC rules.

State the number of ¹H NMR signals for this isomer of xylene and the ratio in which they appear.

Draw the structure of one other isomer of xylene which retains the benzene ring.

The organic product is not optically active. Discuss whether or not the organic product is a racemic mixture.

State the number of ¹H NMR signals for this isomer of xylene and the ratio in which they appear.

Draw the structure of one other isomer of xylene which retains the benzene ring.

The organic product is not optically active. Discuss whether or not the organic product is a racemic mixture.

Which can be identified using infrared (IR) spectroscopy?

A. functional groups

B. molar mass

C. 3-D configuration

D. bond angle

What can be deduced from the infrared (IR) spectrum of a compound?

A. Number of hydrogens

B. Number of hydrogen environments

C. Bonds present

D. Molar mass

MnO₂ is another possible catalyst for the reaction. State the IUPAC name for MnO₂.

MnO₂ is another possible catalyst for the reaction. State the IUPAC name for MnO₂.

Draw a circle around the functional group formed between the amino acids and state its name.

Name: 

What can be deduced from the infrared (IR) spectrum of a compound?

A. Number of hydrogens

B. Number of hydrogen environments

C. Bonds present

D. Molar mass

State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N : ¹⁵N.

A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.

State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of ¹⁴N : ¹⁵N.

A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of ¹⁵N with the remainder being ¹⁴N.

Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N₂O.

Identify the chiral carbon atom using an asterisk, *.

Enantiomers can be identified using a polarimeter. Outline how this instrument differentiates the enantiomers.

Which compound produces the following ¹H NMR spectrum?

^{[Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS. SDBS Compounds and Spectral Search. [graph] Available at:
https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp [Accessed 3 January 2019].]}

A.  propanal

B.  propanone

C.  propane

D.  methlypropane

Label with an asterisk, *, the chiral carbon atom.

Ascorbic acid and retinol are two important vitamins.

Explain why ascorbic acid is soluble in water and retinol is not. Use section 35 of the data booklet.

Outline the operation of a polarimeter used to distinguish between enantiomers.

Aspirin can be obtained from salicylic acid.

Unreacted salicylic acid may be present as an impurity in aspirin and can be detected in the infrared (IR) spectrum.

Name the functional group and identify the absorption band that differentiates salicylic acid from aspirin. Use section 26 of the data booklet.

Name: 

Absorption band:

Which compound with the molecular formula ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_8\mathrm{O}$ has this high resolution ${}_1\mathrm{H} \mathrm{NMR}$?

From: libretexts.org. Courtesy of Chris Schaller, Professor (Chemistry)
at College of Saint Benedict/Saint John’s University.

A.  but-3-en-2-ol, ${\mathrm{CH}}_2=\mathrm{CHCH}\left(\mathrm{OH}\right){\mathrm{CH}}_3$

B.  butanal, ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{CHO}$

C.  butanone, ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{COCH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_3$

D.  but-3-en-1-ol, ${\mathrm{CH}}_2={\mathrm{CHCH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{OH}$

Which is the ¹H NMR spectrum of tetramethylsilane, TMS, (CH₃)₄Si?

Alcohol levels in the breath can also be determined using IR spectroscopy.

Suggest, giving a reason, which bond’s absorbance is most useful for detecting ethanol in breath.

Bond: 

Reason:

Which compound produces the following ¹H NMR spectrum?

SDBS, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST).

A.  Propane

B.  Propanone

C.  Propanal

D.  2,2-dimethylpropane

Explain how IR spectroscopy can be used to distinguish aspirin from salicylic acid.

Which spectra would show the difference between propan-2-ol, CH₃CH(OH)CH₃, and propanal, CH₃CH₂CHO?

I.   mass
II.  infrared
III. ¹H NMR

A.  I and II only

B.  I and III only

C.  II and III only

D.  I, II and III

Which compound rotates the plane of plane-polarized light?

A.  CH₃C(CH₃)ClCH₃

B.  CH₃CH₂CHClCH₃

C.  CH₃C(Cl)₂CH₃

D.  CH₃CClBrCH₃

What information can be deduced from the splitting pattern of ¹H NMR signals?

A.  total number of hydrogen atoms in a compound

B.  number of hydrogen atoms on adjacent atom(s)

C.  functional group on which hydrogen atoms are located

D.  number of hydrogen atoms in a particular chemical environment

Which molecule has an enantiomer?

A.  ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{OH}\right){\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_3$

B.  ${\mathrm{CH}}_2\left(\mathrm{OH}\right){\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{CH}={\mathrm{CH}}_2$

C.  ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHBr}$

D.  ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CHBrCH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_3$

Which is a homologous series?

A.  C₂H₄, C₃H₅, C₄H₆

B.  C₂H₂, C₃H₄, C₄H₆

C.  C₂H₂, C₂H₄, C₂H₆

D.  C₂H₂, C₄H₄, C₆H₆

Which organic compound has the ¹H NMR shown?

^{Source: Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS, n.d. [online] Available at:
https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi [Accessed 6 October 2021].}

A.  Methanal

B.  Ethanoic acid

C.  Methyl ethanoate

D.  Propanoic acid

Which homologous series has the general formula C_nH_2nO (n > 2)?

A.  Alcohols

B.  Carboxylic acids

C.  Ethers

D.  Ketones