Question 18M.3.SL.TZ2.16
| Date | May 2018 | Marks available | [Maximum mark: 6] | Reference code | 18M.3.SL.TZ2.16 |
| Level | SL | Paper | 3 | Time zone | TZ2 |
| Command term | Explain, Outline | Question number | 16 | Adapted from | N/A |
Explain the relationship between infection by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and dehydration.
[3]
a. V. cholerae releases toxin
b. chloride channels activated
c. chloride ions are pumped out of cells
d. leading to fluid loss from intestine/diarrhea
e. associated vomiting contributes to dehydration
Severe dehydration can lead to cardiac arrest. Outline the use of defibrillation to treat life-threatening cardiac conditions.
[3]
a. defibrillator is electrodes / a metal paddle or / a pad that is placed on the patient’s chest
b. the device determines whether fibrillation is happening
c. a series of electrical shocks are delivered «through the electrodes»
d. electrical impulse is used to depolarize the heart muscle
e. to re-establish the function of the SA node / natural pacemaker / natural rhythm «of the heart»