A.1 Neural development

Description

Nature of science:
Use models as representations of the real world—developmental neuroscience uses a variety of animal models. (1.10)

Understandings:

The neural tube of embryonic chordates is formed by infolding of ectoderm followed by elongation of the tube.
Neurons are initially produced by differentiation in the neural tube.
Immature neurons migrate to a final location.
An axon grows from each immature neuron in response to chemical stimuli.
Some axons extend beyond the neural tube to reach other parts of the body.
A developing neuron forms multiple synapses.
Synapses that are not used do not persist.
Neural pruning involves the loss of unused neurons.
The plasticity of the nervous system allows it to change with experience.

Applications and skills:

Application: Incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube can cause spina bifida.
Application: Events such as strokes may promote reorganization of brain function.
Skill: Annotation of a diagram of embryonic tissues in Xenopus, used as an animal model, during neurulation.

Guidance:

Terminology relating to embryonic brain areas or nervous system divisions is not required.

International-mindedness:

Cultural experiences, including the acquisition of a language, results in neural pruning.

Utilization:

Research into the growth of nerve tissue for regeneration of tissue for spinal cord injury patients is progressing.

Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
Biology
Topic 6.5 Neurons and synapses

Directly related questions

20N.3.HL.TZ0.4c: Suggest what can happen to neurons that are unused in the nervous system.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.4c: Suggest what can happen to neurons that are unused in the nervous system.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.c: Suggest what can happen to neurons that are unused in the nervous system.
17N.3.SL.TZ0.07:
The diagrams illustrate changes in synapse density of the cerebral cortex from newborn to adult.

[Source: THE POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN CEREBRAL CORTEX, VOLUMES IVIII, by Jesse LeRoy Conel, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, Copyright © 1939, 1941, 1947, 1951, 1955, 1959, 1963, 1967
by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Copyright © renewed 1967, 1969, 1975, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1991.]

Explain the processes illustrated by the diagrams.
17N.3.SL.TZ0.07:
The diagrams illustrate changes in synapse density of the cerebral cortex from newborn to adult.

[Source: THE POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN CEREBRAL CORTEX, VOLUMES IVIII, by Jesse LeRoy Conel, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, Copyright © 1939, 1941, 1947, 1951, 1955, 1959, 1963, 1967
by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Copyright © renewed 1967, 1969, 1975, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1991.]

Explain the processes illustrated by the diagrams.
17N.3.HL.TZ0.07b: Outline how the human brain can reorganize itself following a stroke.
17N.3.HL.TZ0.07b: Outline how the human brain can reorganize itself following a stroke.
17N.3.HL.TZ0.b: Outline how the human brain can reorganize itself following a stroke.
18N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Describe the process taking place.
18N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Describe the process taking place.
18N.3.SL.TZ0.a: Describe the process taking place.
18M.3.HL.TZ2.4b: Explain neuroplasticity in terms of the developing neurons.
18M.3.HL.TZ2.4b: Explain neuroplasticity in terms of the developing neurons.
18M.3.HL.TZ2.b: Explain neuroplasticity in terms of the developing neurons.
18M.3.HL.TZ1.4b:
Explain the causes of spina bifida in vertebrates.
18M.3.HL.TZ1.4b:
Explain the causes of spina bifida in vertebrates.
18M.3.HL.TZ1.b:
Explain the causes of spina bifida in vertebrates.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.5c: Outline the consequences of incomplete closure of the neural tube in humans.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.5c: Outline the consequences of incomplete closure of the neural tube in humans.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.c: Outline the consequences of incomplete closure of the neural tube in humans.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.5b: State what would occur in the embryo immediately after stage IV.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.5b: State what would occur in the embryo immediately after stage IV.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.b: State what would occur in the embryo immediately after stage IV.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.4c:
It has been suggested that cinnamon might be of benefit to patients who are recovering from a stroke. Suggest one advantage of adding cinnamon to the diet of a patient who has suffered a stroke.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.4c:
It has been suggested that cinnamon might be of benefit to patients who are recovering from a stroke. Suggest one advantage of adding cinnamon to the diet of a patient who has suffered a stroke.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.c:
It has been suggested that cinnamon might be of benefit to patients who are recovering from a stroke. Suggest one advantage of adding cinnamon to the diet of a patient who has suffered a stroke.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.4b:
Scientists demonstrated that cinnamon increased neural plasticity in some parts of mouse brains. Explain how neural plasticity could have affected learning in poor performer mice.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.4b:
Scientists demonstrated that cinnamon increased neural plasticity in some parts of mouse brains. Explain how neural plasticity could have affected learning in poor performer mice.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.b:
Scientists demonstrated that cinnamon increased neural plasticity in some parts of mouse brains. Explain how neural plasticity could have affected learning in poor performer mice.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.5d:
Primates belong to the phylum chordata. The neural tube of chordates is formed by the infolding of the ectoderm followed by the elongation of the tube. Outline the process of formation of neurons from this neural tube in primates.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.5d:
Primates belong to the phylum chordata. The neural tube of chordates is formed by the infolding of the ectoderm followed by the elongation of the tube. Outline the process of formation of neurons from this neural tube in primates.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.d:
Primates belong to the phylum chordata. The neural tube of chordates is formed by the infolding of the ectoderm followed by the elongation of the tube. Outline the process of formation of neurons from this neural tube in primates.
19M.3.HL.TZ2.7: Outline the process that could result in spina bifida during neural tube development.
19M.3.HL.TZ2.7: Outline the process that could result in spina bifida during neural tube development.
18M.3.SL.TZ1.5a:
Evaluate the claim that IGF influences turning angle and neuron extension.
18M.3.SL.TZ1.5a:
Evaluate the claim that IGF influences turning angle and neuron extension.
18M.3.SL.TZ1.a:
Evaluate the claim that IGF influences turning angle and neuron extension.
18M.3.SL.TZ1.5b:
Outline the development of neurons from when they are first formed in the neural tube.
18M.3.SL.TZ1.5b:
Outline the development of neurons from when they are first formed in the neural tube.
18M.3.SL.TZ1.b:
Outline the development of neurons from when they are first formed in the neural tube.
18M.3.HL.TZ1.4a:
The diagram shows one of the stages in neurulation.

Describe what happens next in neurulation.
18M.3.HL.TZ1.4a:
The diagram shows one of the stages in neurulation.

Describe what happens next in neurulation.
18M.3.HL.TZ1.a:
The diagram shows one of the stages in neurulation.

Describe what happens next in neurulation.
18M.3.HL.TZ1.4c: Explain the process of neural pruning.
18M.3.HL.TZ1.4c: Explain the process of neural pruning.
18M.3.HL.TZ1.c: Explain the process of neural pruning.
18M.3.SL.TZ2.7: Explain the stages of development and differentiation of neurons.
18M.3.SL.TZ2.7: Explain the stages of development and differentiation of neurons.
18M.3.HL.TZ2.4a: Outline how an immature neuron develops an axon.
18M.3.HL.TZ2.4a: Outline how an immature neuron develops an axon.
18M.3.HL.TZ2.a: Outline how an immature neuron develops an axon.
18N.3.SL.TZ0.5b: Outline the possible changes to this neuron that could happen during the subsequent development...
18N.3.SL.TZ0.5b: Outline the possible changes to this neuron that could happen during the subsequent development...
18N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Outline the possible changes to this neuron that could happen during the subsequent development...
18N.3.SL.TZ0.5c: Suggest how the plasticity of the brain can benefit humans.
18N.3.SL.TZ0.5c: Suggest how the plasticity of the brain can benefit humans.
18N.3.SL.TZ0.c: Suggest how the plasticity of the brain can benefit humans.
19M.3.SL.TZ1.4b: Explain how patient recovery from a stroke illustrates the property of neural plasticity.
19M.3.SL.TZ1.4b: Explain how patient recovery from a stroke illustrates the property of neural plasticity.
19M.3.SL.TZ1.b: Explain how patient recovery from a stroke illustrates the property of neural plasticity.
19M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: Neurons are initially produced by differentiation in the neural tube. Outline the mechanisms of...
19M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: Neurons are initially produced by differentiation in the neural tube. Outline the mechanisms of...
19M.3.SL.TZ1.b: Neurons are initially produced by differentiation in the neural tube. Outline the mechanisms of...
19M.3.HL.TZ1.5a: Describe the process occurring in the diagram.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.5a: Describe the process occurring in the diagram.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.a: Describe the process occurring in the diagram.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Describe how the use of cinnamon changes mouse performance on the Barnes maze.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Describe how the use of cinnamon changes mouse performance on the Barnes maze.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.a: Describe how the use of cinnamon changes mouse performance on the Barnes maze.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.4a: State the name of the stage of embryonic development shown in the diagram.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.4a: State the name of the stage of embryonic development shown in the diagram.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.a: State the name of the stage of embryonic development shown in the diagram.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: Identify the part labelled X.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: Identify the part labelled X.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.b: Identify the part labelled X.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: State a consequence of incomplete folding of the neural tube in humans.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: State a consequence of incomplete folding of the neural tube in humans.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.c: State a consequence of incomplete folding of the neural tube in humans.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.4d: Explain how the nervous system develops from the cells of the neural tube.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.4d: Explain how the nervous system develops from the cells of the neural tube.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.d: Explain how the nervous system develops from the cells of the neural tube.
19N.3.HL.TZ0.4b: Outline the main feature of neural pruning.
19N.3.HL.TZ0.4b: Outline the main feature of neural pruning.
19N.3.HL.TZ0.b: Outline the main feature of neural pruning.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.4a:
Describe the changes occurring in this neuron from day 1 to day 2.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.4a:
Describe the changes occurring in this neuron from day 1 to day 2.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.a:
Describe the changes occurring in this neuron from day 1 to day 2.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.4b:
Suggest other processes that may occur during neural development.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.4b:
Suggest other processes that may occur during neural development.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.b:
Suggest other processes that may occur during neural development.
23M.1.HL.TZ1.23: What occurs during the establishment of a resting membrane potential of a neuron? A. Both sodium...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.29: What occurs during the establishment of a resting membrane potential of a neuron? A. Both sodium...
23M.1.SL.TZ1.29: What occurs during the establishment of a resting membrane potential of a neuron? A. Both sodium...
23M.1.HL.TZ1.23: What occurs during the establishment of a resting membrane potential of a neuron? A. Both sodium...
23M.1.HL.TZ2.20: The diagram represents transmission across a cholinergic synapse. Where would a...
23M.1.SL.TZ2.29: The diagram represents transmission across a cholinergic synapse. Where would a...
23M.1.SL.TZ2.29: The diagram represents transmission across a cholinergic synapse. Where would a...
23M.1.HL.TZ2.20: The diagram represents transmission across a cholinergic synapse. Where would a...

Sub sections and their related questions

None

A.1 Neural development

Description

Directly related questions

Sub sections and their related questions

Confirm action