10.2 Functional group chemistry

Which molecule can be oxidized to a carboxylic acid by acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

A.  Propan-1-ol

B.  Propan-2-ol

C.  2-methylpropan-2-ol

D.  Propanone

Which molecule can be oxidized to a carboxylic acid by acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

A.  Propan-1-ol

B.  Propan-2-ol

C.  2-methylpropan-2-ol

D.  Propanone

State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.

State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.

State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.

Which compound can be oxidized when heated with an acidified solution of potassium dichromate(VI)?

A. CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₃

B. CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₃

C. (CH₃)₃COH

D. CH₃(CH₂)₂COOH

Which compound can be oxidized when heated with an acidified solution of potassium dichromate(VI)?

A. CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₃

B. CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₃

C. (CH₃)₃COH

D. CH₃(CH₂)₂COOH

Explain, with the help of equations, the mechanism of the free-radical substitution reaction of ethane with bromine in presence of sunlight.

Explain, with the help of equations, the mechanism of the free-radical substitution reaction of ethane with bromine in presence of sunlight.

Explain, with the help of equations, the mechanism of the free-radical substitution reaction of ethane with bromine in presence of sunlight.

Which monomer would produce the polymer shown?

A.  ${\text{CF}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CCl}}_{\text{2}}\text{F}$

B.  ${\text{CF}}_{\text{3}}\text{CClHF}$

C.  ${\text{CF}}_{\text{2}}\text{CClF}$

D.  ${\text{CF}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CF}}_{\text{2}}$

Which monomer would produce the polymer shown?

A.  ${\text{CF}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CCl}}_{\text{2}}\text{F}$

B.  ${\text{CF}}_{\text{3}}\text{CClHF}$

C.  ${\text{CF}}_{\text{2}}\text{CClF}$

D.  ${\text{CF}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CF}}_{\text{2}}$

Which monomer forms the polymer shown?

A.  ${\text{CH(Cl)=CH(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}$

B.  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{=C(Cl)CH}}_{\text{3}}$

C.  ${\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}\text{CHCl}$

D.  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{=CHCl}$

Which monomer forms the polymer shown?

A.  ${\text{CH(Cl)=CH(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}$

B.  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{=C(Cl)CH}}_{\text{3}}$

C.  ${\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}\text{CHCl}$

D.  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{=CHCl}$

Which is a propagation step in the free-radical substitution mechanism of ethane with chlorine?

A.  C$\text{l}$₂ → 2 •C$\text{l}$

B.  •C₂H₅ + C$\text{l}$₂ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$ + •C$\text{l}$

C.  •C₂H₅ + •C$\text{l}$ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$

D.  C₂H₆ + •C$\text{l}$ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$ + •H

Which is a propagation step in the free-radical substitution mechanism of ethane with chlorine?

A.  C$\text{l}$₂ → 2 •C$\text{l}$

B.  •C₂H₅ + C$\text{l}$₂ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$ + •C$\text{l}$

C.  •C₂H₅ + •C$\text{l}$ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$

D.  C₂H₆ + •C$\text{l}$ → C₂H₅C$\text{l}$ + •H

Which can be reduced to a secondary alcohol?

A.  C₂H₅COOH

B.  CH₃CH₂OCH₃

C.  (CH₃)₂CHCHO

D.  CH₃COC₂H₅

Which can be reduced to a secondary alcohol?

A.  C₂H₅COOH

B.  CH₃CH₂OCH₃

C.  (CH₃)₂CHCHO

D.  CH₃COC₂H₅

Oxidation of ethanol with potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇, can form two different organic products. Determine the names of the organic products and the methods used to isolate them.

Oxidation of ethanol with potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇, can form two different organic products. Determine the names of the organic products and the methods used to isolate them.

Oxidation of ethanol with potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇, can form two different organic products. Determine the names of the organic products and the methods used to isolate them.

Several compounds can be synthesized from but-2-ene. Draw the structure of the final product for each of the following chemical reactions.

Several compounds can be synthesized from but-2-ene. Draw the structure of the final product for each of the following chemical reactions.

Several compounds can be synthesized from but-2-ene. Draw the structure of the final product for each of the following chemical reactions.

Oxidation of ethanol with potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇, can form two different organic products. Determine the names of the organic products and the methods used to isolate them.

Oxidation of ethanol with potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇, can form two different organic products. Determine the names of the organic products and the methods used to isolate them.

Oxidation of ethanol with potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇, can form two different organic products. Determine the names of the organic products and the methods used to isolate them.

Ethyne, like ethene, undergoes hydrogenation to form ethane. State the conditions required.

Ethyne, like ethene, undergoes hydrogenation to form ethane. State the conditions required.

Ethyne, like ethene, undergoes hydrogenation to form ethane. State the conditions required.

The aldehyde can be further oxidized to a carboxylic acid.

Outline how the experimental procedures differ for the synthesis of the aldehyde and the carboxylic acid.

The aldehyde can be further oxidized to a carboxylic acid.

Outline how the experimental procedures differ for the synthesis of the aldehyde and the carboxylic acid.

The aldehyde can be further oxidized to a carboxylic acid.

Outline how the experimental procedures differ for the synthesis of the aldehyde and the carboxylic acid.

State a suitable oxidizing agent for the oxidation of propan-2-ol in an acidified aqueous solution.

State a suitable oxidizing agent for the oxidation of propan-2-ol in an acidified aqueous solution.

State a suitable oxidizing agent for the oxidation of propan-2-ol in an acidified aqueous solution.

Which compounds react to form CH₃CH₂CH₂COOCH(CH₃)₂?

A.   propanoic acid and propan-2-ol

B.   propanoic acid and butan-2-ol

C.   butanoic acid and propan-1-ol

D.   butanoic acid and propan-2-ol

Which compounds react to form CH₃CH₂CH₂COOCH(CH₃)₂?

A.   propanoic acid and propan-2-ol

B.   propanoic acid and butan-2-ol

C.   butanoic acid and propan-1-ol

D.   butanoic acid and propan-2-ol

Which structure represents a repeating unit of a polymer formed from propene?

A.  –CH₂–CH(CH₃)–

B.  –CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–

C.  –CH(CH₃)–CH(CH₃)–

D.  –CH₂–CH₂–

Which structure represents a repeating unit of a polymer formed from propene?

A.  –CH₂–CH(CH₃)–

B.  –CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–

C.  –CH(CH₃)–CH(CH₃)–

D.  –CH₂–CH₂–

Deduce what would be observed when Compound B is warmed with acidified aqueous potassium dichromate (VI).

Deduce what would be observed when Compound B is warmed with acidified aqueous potassium dichromate (VI).

Deduce what would be observed when Compound B is warmed with acidified aqueous potassium dichromate (VI).

Describe a test and the expected result to indicate the presence of carbon–carbon double bonds.

Describe a test and the expected result to indicate the presence of carbon–carbon double bonds.

Describe a test and the expected result to indicate the presence of carbon–carbon double bonds.

State the type of reaction.

State the type of reaction.

State the type of reaction.

Describe a test and the expected result to indicate the presence of carbon–carbon double bonds.

Describe a test and the expected result to indicate the presence of carbon–carbon double bonds.

Describe a test and the expected result to indicate the presence of carbon–carbon double bonds.

Write the equation for the reaction between but-2-ene and hydrogen bromide.

Write the equation for the reaction between but-2-ene and hydrogen bromide.

Write the equation for the reaction between but-2-ene and hydrogen bromide.

Identify the initiation step of the reaction and its conditions.

Identify the initiation step of the reaction and its conditions.

Identify the initiation step of the reaction and its conditions.

1,4-dimethylbenzene reacts as a substituted alkane. Draw the structures of the two products of the overall reaction when one molecule of bromine reacts with one molecule of 1,4-dimethylbenzene.

1,4-dimethylbenzene reacts as a substituted alkane. Draw the structures of the two products of the overall reaction when one molecule of bromine reacts with one molecule of 1,4-dimethylbenzene.

1,4-dimethylbenzene reacts as a substituted alkane. Draw the structures of the two products of the overall reaction when one molecule of bromine reacts with one molecule of 1,4-dimethylbenzene.

Which alcohol would produce a carboxylic acid when heated with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

A. propan-2-ol

B. butan-1-ol

C. 2-methylpropan-2-ol

D. pentan-3-ol

Which alcohol would produce a carboxylic acid when heated with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

A. propan-2-ol

B. butan-1-ol

C. 2-methylpropan-2-ol

D. pentan-3-ol

What must be present on a nucleophile?

A. Negative charge

B. Lone pair of electrons

C. Positive charge

D. Symmetrical distribution of electrons

What must be present on a nucleophile?

A. Negative charge

B. Lone pair of electrons

C. Positive charge

D. Symmetrical distribution of electrons

Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethyne.

Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethyne.

Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethyne.

Product A contains a carbon–carbon double bond. State the type of reactions that compounds containing this bond are likely to undergo.

Product A contains a carbon–carbon double bond. State the type of reactions that compounds containing this bond are likely to undergo.

Product A contains a carbon–carbon double bond. State the type of reactions that compounds containing this bond are likely to undergo.

State the reagents for the conversion of the compound C₃H₈O formed in (a)(iv) into C₃H₆O.

State the reagents for the conversion of the compound C₃H₈O formed in (a)(iv) into C₃H₆O.

State the reagents for the conversion of the compound C₃H₈O formed in (a)(iv) into C₃H₆O.

Explain how redox chemistry is used to measure the ethanol concentration in a breathalyser.

Explain how redox chemistry is used to measure the ethanol concentration in a breathalyser.

Explain how redox chemistry is used to measure the ethanol concentration in a breathalyser.

State the reagents and conditions for the conversion of the compound C₂H₆O, produced in (b), into C₂H₄O.

State the reagents and conditions for the conversion of the compound C₂H₆O, produced in (b), into C₂H₄O.

State the reagents and conditions for the conversion of the compound C₂H₆O, produced in (b), into C₂H₄O.

Deduce the structure of B.

Deduce the structure of B.

Deduce the structure of B.

Deduce the type of chemical reaction and the reagents used to distinguish between these compounds.

Deduce the type of chemical reaction and the reagents used to distinguish between these compounds.

Deduce the type of chemical reaction and the reagents used to distinguish between these compounds.

State the observation expected for each reaction giving your reasons.

State the observation expected for each reaction giving your reasons.

State the observation expected for each reaction giving your reasons.

Outline the formation of polyethene from ethene by drawing three repeating units of the polymer.

Outline the formation of polyethene from ethene by drawing three repeating units of the polymer.

Outline the formation of polyethene from ethene by drawing three repeating units of the polymer.

Ethyne reacts with chlorine in a similar way to ethene. Formulate equations for the following reactions.

Ethyne reacts with chlorine in a similar way to ethene. Formulate equations for the following reactions.

Ethyne reacts with chlorine in a similar way to ethene. Formulate equations for the following reactions.

State the organic product of the reaction between 1-chlorobutane, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂Cl, and aqueous sodium hydroxide.

State the organic product of the reaction between 1-chlorobutane, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂Cl, and aqueous sodium hydroxide.

State the organic product of the reaction between 1-chlorobutane, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂Cl, and aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Which compound could be formed when CH₃CH₂CH₂OH is heated with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

        I.     CH₃CH₂CHO

        II.     CH₃CH₂COOH

        III.     CH₃COCH₃

A.     I and II only

B.     I and III only

C.     II and III only

D.     I, II and III

Which compound could be formed when CH₃CH₂CH₂OH is heated with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

        I.     CH₃CH₂CHO

        II.     CH₃CH₂COOH

        III.     CH₃COCH₃

A.     I and II only

B.     I and III only

C.     II and III only

D.     I, II and III

Ethyne, like ethene, undergoes hydrogenation to form ethane. State the conditions required.

Ethyne, like ethene, undergoes hydrogenation to form ethane. State the conditions required.

Ethyne, like ethene, undergoes hydrogenation to form ethane. State the conditions required.

Outline the formation of polyethene from ethene by drawing three repeating units of the polymer.

Outline the formation of polyethene from ethene by drawing three repeating units of the polymer.

Outline the formation of polyethene from ethene by drawing three repeating units of the polymer.

State the characteristic reaction mechanism of benzene.

State the characteristic reaction mechanism of benzene.

State the characteristic reaction mechanism of benzene.

Formulate the ionic equation for the oxidation of propan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde by acidified dichromate(VI) ions. Use section 24 of the data booklet.

Formulate the ionic equation for the oxidation of propan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde by acidified dichromate(VI) ions. Use section 24 of the data booklet.

Formulate the ionic equation for the oxidation of propan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde by acidified dichromate(VI) ions. Use section 24 of the data booklet.

Which compounds cause the colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution to change from purple to colourless?

I.    CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH

II.   (CH₃)₃CCH₂OH

III.  CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₃

A.   I and II only

B.   I and III only

C.   II and III only

D.   I, II and III

Which compounds cause the colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution to change from purple to colourless?

I.    CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH

II.   (CH₃)₃CCH₂OH

III.  CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₃

A.   I and II only

B.   I and III only

C.   II and III only

D.   I, II and III

Deduce the product of the oxidation of propan-2-ol with the oxidizing agent in (d)(i).

Deduce the product of the oxidation of propan-2-ol with the oxidizing agent in (d)(i).

Deduce the product of the oxidation of propan-2-ol with the oxidizing agent in (d)(i).

Formulate the equation for the complete combustion of benzoic acid in oxygen using only integer coefficients.

Formulate the equation for the complete combustion of benzoic acid in oxygen using only integer coefficients.

Formulate the equation for the complete combustion of benzoic acid in oxygen using only integer coefficients.

Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethyne.

Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethyne.

Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethyne.

State the name of product B, applying IUPAC rules.

State the name of product B, applying IUPAC rules.

State the name of product B, applying IUPAC rules.

Suggest the reagents and conditions required to ensure a good yield of product B.

Reagents: 

Conditions:

Suggest the reagents and conditions required to ensure a good yield of product B.

Reagents: 

Conditions:

Suggest the reagents and conditions required to ensure a good yield of product B.

Reagents: 

Conditions:

Draw the repeating unit of polyphenylethene.

Draw the repeating unit of polyphenylethene.

Draw the repeating unit of polyphenylethene.

Methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight.

CH₄ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → CH₃Cl (g) + HCl (g)

Which type of reaction occurs?

A. free-radical substitution

B. electrophilic substitution

C. nucleophilic substitution

D. electrophilic addition

Methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight.

CH₄ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → CH₃Cl (g) + HCl (g)

Which type of reaction occurs?

A. free-radical substitution

B. electrophilic substitution

C. nucleophilic substitution

D. electrophilic addition

Identify the initiation step of the reaction and its conditions.

Identify the initiation step of the reaction and its conditions.

Identify the initiation step of the reaction and its conditions.

1,4-dimethylbenzene reacts as a substituted alkane. Draw the structures of the two products of the overall reaction when one molecule of bromine reacts with one molecule of 1,4-dimethylbenzene.

1,4-dimethylbenzene reacts as a substituted alkane. Draw the structures of the two products of the overall reaction when one molecule of bromine reacts with one molecule of 1,4-dimethylbenzene.

1,4-dimethylbenzene reacts as a substituted alkane. Draw the structures of the two products of the overall reaction when one molecule of bromine reacts with one molecule of 1,4-dimethylbenzene.

Formulate the equation for the complete combustion of benzoic acid in oxygen using only integer coefficients.

Formulate the equation for the complete combustion of benzoic acid in oxygen using only integer coefficients.

Formulate the equation for the complete combustion of benzoic acid in oxygen using only integer coefficients.

Which alcohol would produce a carboxylic acid when heated with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

A. propan-2-ol

B. butan-1-ol

C. 2-methylpropan-2-ol

D. pentan-3-ol

Which alcohol would produce a carboxylic acid when heated with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

A. propan-2-ol

B. butan-1-ol

C. 2-methylpropan-2-ol

D. pentan-3-ol

Methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight.

CH₄ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → CH₃Cl (g) + HCl (g)

Which type of reaction occurs?

A. free-radical substitution

B. electrophilic substitution

C. nucleophilic substitution

D. electrophilic addition

Methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight.

CH₄ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → CH₃Cl (g) + HCl (g)

Which type of reaction occurs?

A. free-radical substitution

B. electrophilic substitution

C. nucleophilic substitution

D. electrophilic addition

Write an equation for the complete combustion of the compound C₃H₈O formed in (a)(iv).

Write an equation for the complete combustion of the compound C₃H₈O formed in (a)(iv).

Write an equation for the complete combustion of the compound C₃H₈O formed in (a)(iv).

Draw the structure of the monomers of Kevlar^® if the by-product of the condensation polymerization is hydrogen chloride.

Draw the structure of the monomers of Kevlar^® if the by-product of the condensation polymerization is hydrogen chloride.

Draw the structure of the monomers of Kevlar^® if the by-product of the condensation polymerization is hydrogen chloride.

Write the equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.

Write the equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.

Write the equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.

Write an equation for the reaction of C₂H₅Cl with aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a C₂H₆O compound, showing structural formulas.

Write an equation for the reaction of C₂H₅Cl with aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a C₂H₆O compound, showing structural formulas.

Write an equation for the reaction of C₂H₅Cl with aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a C₂H₆O compound, showing structural formulas.

Write an equation for the complete combustion of the organic product in (b).

Write an equation for the complete combustion of the organic product in (b).

Write an equation for the complete combustion of the organic product in (b).

State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.

State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.

State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.

Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.

Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.

Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.

Write the equation for the reaction of chloroethane with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

Write the equation for the reaction of chloroethane with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

Write the equation for the reaction of chloroethane with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

Deduce the nucleophile for the reaction in d(iii).

Deduce the nucleophile for the reaction in d(iii).

Deduce the nucleophile for the reaction in d(iii).

Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.

Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.

Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.

Several compounds can be synthesized from but-2-ene. Draw the structure of the final product for each of the following chemical reactions.

Several compounds can be synthesized from but-2-ene. Draw the structure of the final product for each of the following chemical reactions.

Several compounds can be synthesized from but-2-ene. Draw the structure of the final product for each of the following chemical reactions.

Write the equation and name the organic product when ethanol reacts with methanoic acid.

Write the equation and name the organic product when ethanol reacts with methanoic acid.

Write the equation and name the organic product when ethanol reacts with methanoic acid.

Which reagents and conditions are best for converting propan-1-ol into propanoic acid?

A.  Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

B.  Reflux with aqueous sodium hydroxide

C.  Distil with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

D.  Distil with aqueous sodium hydroxide

Which reagents and conditions are best for converting propan-1-ol into propanoic acid?

A.  Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

B.  Reflux with aqueous sodium hydroxide

C.  Distil with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

D.  Distil with aqueous sodium hydroxide

Which reagents and conditions are best for converting propan-1-ol into propanoic acid?

A.  Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

B.  Reflux with LiAlH₄

C.  Distil with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

D.  Distil with LiAlH₄

Which reagents and conditions are best for converting propan-1-ol into propanoic acid?

A.  Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

B.  Reflux with LiAlH₄

C.  Distil with acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

D.  Distil with LiAlH₄

Which combination best describes what is happening to chloromethane, CH₃Cl, in the equation below?

CH₃Cl (g) + H₂(g) $\rightleftharpoons$ CH₄(g) + HCl (g)

A.  Oxidation and addition

B.  Oxidation and substitution

C.  Reduction and addition

D.  Reduction and substitution

Which combination best describes what is happening to chloromethane, CH₃Cl, in the equation below?

CH₃Cl (g) + H₂(g) $\rightleftharpoons$ CH₄(g) + HCl (g)

A.  Oxidation and addition

B.  Oxidation and substitution

C.  Reduction and addition

D.  Reduction and substitution

Which reaction involves homolytic fission?

A.  CH₄ + Cl₂

B.  CH₃Br + NaOH

C.  (CH₃)₃CBr + NaOH

D.  C₆H₆ + HNO₃ + H₂SO₄

Which reaction involves homolytic fission?

A.  CH₄ + Cl₂

B.  CH₃Br + NaOH

C.  (CH₃)₃CBr + NaOH

D.  C₆H₆ + HNO₃ + H₂SO₄

Deduce what would be observed when Compound B is warmed with acidified aqueous potassium dichromate (VI).

Deduce what would be observed when Compound B is warmed with acidified aqueous potassium dichromate (VI).

Deduce what would be observed when Compound B is warmed with acidified aqueous potassium dichromate (VI).

Write the equation for the reaction between but-2-ene and hydrogen bromide.

Write the equation for the reaction between but-2-ene and hydrogen bromide.

Write the equation for the reaction between but-2-ene and hydrogen bromide.

Which conditions best favour oxidation of primary alcohols directly to carboxylic acids?

A.  Excess acidified potassium dichromate (VI) and distillation

B.  Excess acidified potassium dichromate (VI) and reflux

C.  Few drops of acidified potassium dichromate (VI) and distillation

D.  Few drops of acidified potassium dichromate (VI) and reflux

Which conditions best favour oxidation of primary alcohols directly to carboxylic acids?

A.  Excess acidified potassium dichromate (VI) and distillation

B.  Excess acidified potassium dichromate (VI) and reflux

C.  Few drops of acidified potassium dichromate (VI) and distillation

D.  Few drops of acidified potassium dichromate (VI) and reflux