Directly related questions
-
22N.1A.SL.TZ0.27:
Despite continuous scientific research into the control of pathogens, it has proved very difficult to eliminate them. What is/are the reason(s) for this?
I. Development of antibiotic resistance in viruses
II. Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
III. Mutations of pathogens
A. II only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
-
22N.1A.SL.TZ0.27:
Despite continuous scientific research into the control of pathogens, it has proved very difficult to eliminate them. What is/are the reason(s) for this?
I. Development of antibiotic resistance in viruses
II. Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
III. Mutations of pathogens
A. II only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
- 22N.1A.HL.TZ0.23: Some vaccinations, such as the smallpox vaccine, provide lifelong immunity against the disease....
- 22N.1A.HL.TZ0.23: Some vaccinations, such as the smallpox vaccine, provide lifelong immunity against the disease....
-
22N.1A.HL.TZ0.25:
Melatonin controls circadian rhythms and is involved in the sleep-wake cycle. The pineal gland, which secretes melatonin, is inhibited by light. The graph shows a normal cycle where bedtime is around 10pm.
Using data from the graph, what might be the effect(s) of screen light from a laptop, tablet or phone at bedtime?
I. Delay in melatonin production
II. Lower peak concentration of melatonin
III. Peak of melatonin earlier in the evening
A. I only
B. III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
-
22N.1A.HL.TZ0.25:
Melatonin controls circadian rhythms and is involved in the sleep-wake cycle. The pineal gland, which secretes melatonin, is inhibited by light. The graph shows a normal cycle where bedtime is around 10pm.
Using data from the graph, what might be the effect(s) of screen light from a laptop, tablet or phone at bedtime?
I. Delay in melatonin production
II. Lower peak concentration of melatonin
III. Peak of melatonin earlier in the evening
A. I only
B. III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
-
22N.2.HL.TZ0.6c:
Explain how cells in the bloodstream cause a specific immune response.
-
22N.2.HL.TZ0.6c:
Explain how cells in the bloodstream cause a specific immune response.
-
22N.2.HL.TZ0.c:
Explain how cells in the bloodstream cause a specific immune response.
- SPM.1A.HL.TZ0.29: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.HL.TZ0.29: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.HL.TZ0.29: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.HL.TZ0.29: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.20: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.20: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.20: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.20: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.1a: Identify the week and year in which the first cases were recorded in the suburbs. Week: Year:
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.1a: Identify the week and year in which the first cases were recorded in the suburbs. Week: Year:
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.a: Identify the week and year in which the first cases were recorded in the suburbs. Week: Year:
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.1a: Identify the week and year in which the first cases were recorded in the suburbs. Week: Year:
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.1a: Identify the week and year in which the first cases were recorded in the suburbs. Week: Year:
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.a: Identify the week and year in which the first cases were recorded in the suburbs. Week: Year:
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1b: Based on the graph, compare and contrast the progress of the epidemic in the suburbs and rural...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1b: Based on the graph, compare and contrast the progress of the epidemic in the suburbs and rural...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.b: Based on the graph, compare and contrast the progress of the epidemic in the suburbs and rural...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1b: Based on the graph, compare and contrast the progress of the epidemic in the suburbs and rural...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1b: Based on the graph, compare and contrast the progress of the epidemic in the suburbs and rural...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.b: Based on the graph, compare and contrast the progress of the epidemic in the suburbs and rural...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Suggest two reasons for the overall decline in the epidemic after week 51.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Suggest two reasons for the overall decline in the epidemic after week 51.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.c: Suggest two reasons for the overall decline in the epidemic after week 51.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Suggest two reasons for the overall decline in the epidemic after week 51.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Suggest two reasons for the overall decline in the epidemic after week 51.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.c: Suggest two reasons for the overall decline in the epidemic after week 51.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1d: Compare and contrast the data for Conakry with the data for the three suburbs.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1d: Compare and contrast the data for Conakry with the data for the three suburbs.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.d: Compare and contrast the data for Conakry with the data for the three suburbs.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1d: Compare and contrast the data for Conakry with the data for the three suburbs.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1d: Compare and contrast the data for Conakry with the data for the three suburbs.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.d: Compare and contrast the data for Conakry with the data for the three suburbs.
-
19M.2.SL.TZ1.1e:
Suggest reasons for the high percentage of fatal cases at Ebola treatment centres.
-
19M.2.SL.TZ1.1e:
Suggest reasons for the high percentage of fatal cases at Ebola treatment centres.
-
19M.2.SL.TZ1.e:
Suggest reasons for the high percentage of fatal cases at Ebola treatment centres.
-
19M.2.SL.TZ1.1e:
Suggest reasons for the high percentage of fatal cases at Ebola treatment centres.
-
19M.2.SL.TZ1.1e:
Suggest reasons for the high percentage of fatal cases at Ebola treatment centres.
-
19M.2.SL.TZ1.e:
Suggest reasons for the high percentage of fatal cases at Ebola treatment centres.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1f: Based on these data, outline the evidence that T-705 has potential to be used as a treatment for...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1f: Based on these data, outline the evidence that T-705 has potential to be used as a treatment for...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.f: Based on these data, outline the evidence that T-705 has potential to be used as a treatment for...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1f: Based on these data, outline the evidence that T-705 has potential to be used as a treatment for...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1f: Based on these data, outline the evidence that T-705 has potential to be used as a treatment for...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.f: Based on these data, outline the evidence that T-705 has potential to be used as a treatment for...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1g: Explain how vaccination can lead to the production of B cells specific to the Ebola virus.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1g: Explain how vaccination can lead to the production of B cells specific to the Ebola virus.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.g: Explain how vaccination can lead to the production of B cells specific to the Ebola virus.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1g: Explain how vaccination can lead to the production of B cells specific to the Ebola virus.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1g: Explain how vaccination can lead to the production of B cells specific to the Ebola virus.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.g: Explain how vaccination can lead to the production of B cells specific to the Ebola virus.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1h: Suggest possible reasons for the difficulty of preventing or controlling a viral epidemic such as...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1h: Suggest possible reasons for the difficulty of preventing or controlling a viral epidemic such as...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.h: Suggest possible reasons for the difficulty of preventing or controlling a viral epidemic such as...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1h: Suggest possible reasons for the difficulty of preventing or controlling a viral epidemic such as...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.1h: Suggest possible reasons for the difficulty of preventing or controlling a viral epidemic such as...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.h: Suggest possible reasons for the difficulty of preventing or controlling a viral epidemic such as...
Sub sections and their related questions
C3.2.1. Pathogens as the cause of infectious diseases
-
22N.1A.SL.TZ0.27:
Despite continuous scientific research into the control of pathogens, it has proved very difficult to eliminate them. What is/are the reason(s) for this?
I. Development of antibiotic resistance in viruses
II. Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
III. Mutations of pathogens
A. II only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
-
22N.1A.HL.TZ0.25:
Melatonin controls circadian rhythms and is involved in the sleep-wake cycle. The pineal gland, which secretes melatonin, is inhibited by light. The graph shows a normal cycle where bedtime is around 10pm.
Using data from the graph, what might be the effect(s) of screen light from a laptop, tablet or phone at bedtime?
I. Delay in melatonin production
II. Lower peak concentration of melatonin
III. Peak of melatonin earlier in the evening
A. I only
B. III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1b:
Estimate the median number of bacterial cells per gram of feces in the R enterotype.
-
22N.1A.SL.TZ0.27:
Despite continuous scientific research into the control of pathogens, it has proved very difficult to eliminate them. What is/are the reason(s) for this?
I. Development of antibiotic resistance in viruses
II. Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
III. Mutations of pathogens
A. II only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
-
22N.1A.HL.TZ0.25:
Melatonin controls circadian rhythms and is involved in the sleep-wake cycle. The pineal gland, which secretes melatonin, is inhibited by light. The graph shows a normal cycle where bedtime is around 10pm.
Using data from the graph, what might be the effect(s) of screen light from a laptop, tablet or phone at bedtime?
I. Delay in melatonin production
II. Lower peak concentration of melatonin
III. Peak of melatonin earlier in the evening
A. I only
B. III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1b:
Estimate the median number of bacterial cells per gram of feces in the R enterotype.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.b:
Estimate the median number of bacterial cells per gram of feces in the R enterotype.
C3.2.2. Skin and mucous membranes as a primary defence
NoneC3.2.3. Sealing of cuts in skin by blood clotting
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ1.22: Blood clotting involves a cascade of reactions. Which statement describes the blood-clotting...
-
19M.1A.SL.TZ1.27:
The diagram shows the major events involved in the formation of a blood clot.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
What is Factor Y?
A. Fibrin
B. Prothrombin
C. Fibrinogen
D. Thrombin
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.6a: Outline how cuts in the skin are sealed to prevent blood loss.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.3c: Outline the causes and consequences of blood clot formation in coronary arteries.
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ2.25: Many blood-feeding insects inject an anticoagulant into their host in order to prevent blood from...
- 21M.1A.SL.TZ1.30: Which reaction occurs in blood clotting?
-
22M.2.SL.TZ2.6c:
Explain how blood clotting occurs and the consequence for a person who has hemophilia.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ2.3b: Outline the actions taken by the body to avoid infection when the skin is cut.
- 21N.1A.SL.TZ0.25: What occurs as a result of a cut in the skin of a finger? A. Prothrombin is transformed into...
- 23M.1A.SL.TZ1.21: What happens during blood clotting? A. A chain reaction causes platelets to release antibodies...
- 23M.1A.SL.TZ1.26: What happens during blood clotting? A. A chain reaction causes platelets to release antibodies...
- 23M.1A.SL.TZ2.28: Which sequence represents the reaction leading to the formation of a blood clot?
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ1.22: Blood clotting involves a cascade of reactions. Which statement describes the blood-clotting...
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ1.22: Blood clotting involves a cascade of reactions. Which statement describes the blood-clotting...
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ1.22: Blood clotting involves a cascade of reactions. Which statement describes the blood-clotting...
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ1.22: Blood clotting involves a cascade of reactions. Which statement describes the blood-clotting...
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ1.22: Blood clotting involves a cascade of reactions. Which statement describes the blood-clotting...
-
19M.1A.SL.TZ1.27:
The diagram shows the major events involved in the formation of a blood clot.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
What is Factor Y?
A. Fibrin
B. Prothrombin
C. Fibrinogen
D. Thrombin
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.6a: Outline how cuts in the skin are sealed to prevent blood loss.
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.a: Outline how cuts in the skin are sealed to prevent blood loss.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.3c: Outline the causes and consequences of blood clot formation in coronary arteries.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.c: Outline the causes and consequences of blood clot formation in coronary arteries.
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ2.25: Many blood-feeding insects inject an anticoagulant into their host in order to prevent blood from...
- 21M.1A.SL.TZ1.30: Which reaction occurs in blood clotting?
-
22M.2.SL.TZ2.6c:
Explain how blood clotting occurs and the consequence for a person who has hemophilia.
-
22M.2.SL.TZ2.c:
Explain how blood clotting occurs and the consequence for a person who has hemophilia.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ2.3b: Outline the actions taken by the body to avoid infection when the skin is cut.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ2.b: Outline the actions taken by the body to avoid infection when the skin is cut.
- 21N.1A.SL.TZ0.25: What occurs as a result of a cut in the skin of a finger? A. Prothrombin is transformed into...
- 23M.1A.SL.TZ1.21: What happens during blood clotting? A. A chain reaction causes platelets to release antibodies...
- 23M.1A.SL.TZ1.26: What happens during blood clotting? A. A chain reaction causes platelets to release antibodies...
- 23M.1A.SL.TZ2.28: Which sequence represents the reaction leading to the formation of a blood clot?
C3.2.4. Differences between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system
- SPM.1A.HL.TZ0.29: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.20: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.HL.TZ0.29: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.20: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.HL.TZ0.29: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.20: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.HL.TZ0.29: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
- SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.20: Which cell is a component of the innate immune system? A. T lymphocyte B. Phagocyte C. B...
C3.2.5. Infection control by phagocytes
- 20N.1A.SL.TZ0.26: What is a feature of phagocytic white blood cells? A. Stimulate blood clotting B. Found only in...
- 20N.1A.SL.TZ0.26: What is a feature of phagocytic white blood cells? A. Stimulate blood clotting B. Found only in...
C3.2.6. Lymphocytes as cells in the adaptive immune system that cooperate to produce antibodies
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.3d: Outline the role of lymphocytes in defence against disease.
-
20N.2.SL.TZ0.6c:
Explain the role of cells in the defence against infectious disease.
-
21M.2.HL.TZ2.6b:
Explain the production of antibodies when a patient is infected with the TB bacterium.
-
21N.2.HL.TZ0.8b:
Explain the production of antibodies in humans.
-
22N.2.HL.TZ0.6c:
Explain how cells in the bloodstream cause a specific immune response.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.3d: Outline the role of lymphocytes in defence against disease.
- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.d: Outline the role of lymphocytes in defence against disease.
-
20N.2.SL.TZ0.6c:
Explain the role of cells in the defence against infectious disease.
-
20N.2.SL.TZ0.c:
Explain the role of cells in the defence against infectious disease.
-
21M.2.HL.TZ2.6b:
Explain the production of antibodies when a patient is infected with the TB bacterium.
-
21M.2.HL.TZ2.b:
Explain the production of antibodies when a patient is infected with the TB bacterium.
-
21N.2.HL.TZ0.8b:
Explain the production of antibodies in humans.
-
21N.2.HL.TZ0.b:
Explain the production of antibodies in humans.
-
22N.2.HL.TZ0.6c:
Explain how cells in the bloodstream cause a specific immune response.
-
22N.2.HL.TZ0.c:
Explain how cells in the bloodstream cause a specific immune response.
C3.2.7. Antigens as recognition molecules that trigger antibody production
-
19M.1A.SL.TZ2.36:
The blood of two men was tested and the results are shown. Anti-D refers to the rhesus blood group. Clotting indicates that antigens associated with a particular factor or blood group are present in a blood sample.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
The man who tested positive for anti-D was then tested for ABO blood group. These results were obtained.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
What ABO blood group does the man testing positive for anti-D have?
A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.1f.i: State the reason for performing the experiment in the months of May to August.
- 21N.1A.SL.TZ0.26: A person was infected with a pathogen and then later in life they were re-infected with the same...
-
19M.1A.SL.TZ1.37:
The table shows the results of blood type tests on samples from four individuals. Which row represents an individual who can accept transfusions from people with blood type AB?
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
-
19M.1A.SL.TZ2.36:
The blood of two men was tested and the results are shown. Anti-D refers to the rhesus blood group. Clotting indicates that antigens associated with a particular factor or blood group are present in a blood sample.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
The man who tested positive for anti-D was then tested for ABO blood group. These results were obtained.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
What ABO blood group does the man testing positive for anti-D have?
A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.1f.i: State the reason for performing the experiment in the months of May to August.
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.f.i: State the reason for performing the experiment in the months of May to August.
- 21N.1A.SL.TZ0.26: A person was infected with a pathogen and then later in life they were re-infected with the same...
-
19M.1A.SL.TZ1.37:
The table shows the results of blood type tests on samples from four individuals. Which row represents an individual who can accept transfusions from people with blood type AB?
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
C3.2.8. Activation of B-lymphocytes by helper T-lymphocytes
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.1f.ii: Suggest possible reasons for the observed pattern of presence of antibodies in vaccinated mice.
- 19N.1A.SL.TZ0.37: What is a role of activated B cells? A. Secrete antibiotics in response to specific antigens B....
-
21N.2.HL.TZ0.8b:
Explain the production of antibodies in humans.
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.1f.ii: Suggest possible reasons for the observed pattern of presence of antibodies in vaccinated mice.
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.f.ii: Suggest possible reasons for the observed pattern of presence of antibodies in vaccinated mice.
- 19N.1A.SL.TZ0.37: What is a role of activated B cells? A. Secrete antibiotics in response to specific antigens B....
-
21N.2.HL.TZ0.8b:
Explain the production of antibodies in humans.
-
21N.2.HL.TZ0.b:
Explain the production of antibodies in humans.
C3.2.9. Multiplication of activated B-lymphocytes to form clones of antibody-secreting plasma cells
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.1g: Analyse the data on the state of infection of tick nymphs with B. burgdorferi in control and...
- 19N.1A.SL.TZ0.37: What is a role of activated B cells? A. Secrete antibiotics in response to specific antigens B....
-
21M.2.SL.TZ1.4a:
Plasma cells secrete antibodies against specific antigens. Outline how plasma cells become activated.
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.1g: Analyse the data on the state of infection of tick nymphs with B. burgdorferi in control and...
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.g: Analyse the data on the state of infection of tick nymphs with B. burgdorferi in control and...
- 19N.1A.SL.TZ0.37: What is a role of activated B cells? A. Secrete antibiotics in response to specific antigens B....
-
21M.2.SL.TZ1.4a:
Plasma cells secrete antibodies against specific antigens. Outline how plasma cells become activated.
-
21M.2.SL.TZ1.a:
Plasma cells secrete antibodies against specific antigens. Outline how plasma cells become activated.
C3.2.10. Immunity as a consequence of retaining memory cells
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.1h: Using all the data, discuss whether inoculating mice with the antigen to B. burgdorferi could be...
-
22M.2.SL.TZ1.6c:
Explain how cells and cell components in the blood defend the body against infectious disease.
-
21M.2.HL.TZ2.6b:
Explain the production of antibodies when a patient is infected with the TB bacterium.
-
21M.1A.SL.TZ2.37:
The graph shows changes in the concentration of an antibody in the blood of an individual subjected to two separate infections at time X and time Y.
[Source: Illustration from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013 OpenStax College © 1999-2021, Rice University. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).]
What distinguishes the events occurring at Y from those occurring at X?
A. The individual was infected with different pathogens at X and Y.
B. Memory B cells are involved in antibody production at Y but not at X.
C. There is no clonal selection involved.
D. There are no T lymphocytes involved.
-
21N.2.HL.TZ0.8b:
Explain the production of antibodies in humans.
- 22N.1A.HL.TZ0.23: Some vaccinations, such as the smallpox vaccine, provide lifelong immunity against the disease....
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.1h: Using all the data, discuss whether inoculating mice with the antigen to B. burgdorferi could be...
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.h: Using all the data, discuss whether inoculating mice with the antigen to B. burgdorferi could be...
-
22M.2.SL.TZ1.6c:
Explain how cells and cell components in the blood defend the body against infectious disease.
-
22M.2.SL.TZ1.c:
Explain how cells and cell components in the blood defend the body against infectious disease.
-
21M.2.HL.TZ2.6b:
Explain the production of antibodies when a patient is infected with the TB bacterium.
-
21M.2.HL.TZ2.b:
Explain the production of antibodies when a patient is infected with the TB bacterium.
-
21M.1A.SL.TZ2.37:
The graph shows changes in the concentration of an antibody in the blood of an individual subjected to two separate infections at time X and time Y.
[Source: Illustration from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013 OpenStax College © 1999-2021, Rice University. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).]
What distinguishes the events occurring at Y from those occurring at X?
A. The individual was infected with different pathogens at X and Y.
B. Memory B cells are involved in antibody production at Y but not at X.
C. There is no clonal selection involved.
D. There are no T lymphocytes involved.
-
21N.2.HL.TZ0.8b:
Explain the production of antibodies in humans.
-
21N.2.HL.TZ0.b:
Explain the production of antibodies in humans.
- 22N.1A.HL.TZ0.23: Some vaccinations, such as the smallpox vaccine, provide lifelong immunity against the disease....
C3.2.11. Transmission of HIV in body fluids
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ1.26: What is a method of transmission of HIV and its effect on the immune system?
- 19M.1A.SL.TZ1.28: Which statement applies to HIV? A. HIV infects red blood cells resulting in decreased production...
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ1.26: What is a method of transmission of HIV and its effect on the immune system?
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ1.26: What is a method of transmission of HIV and its effect on the immune system?
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ1.26: What is a method of transmission of HIV and its effect on the immune system?
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ1.26: What is a method of transmission of HIV and its effect on the immune system?
- 22M.1A.SL.TZ1.26: What is a method of transmission of HIV and its effect on the immune system?
- 19M.1A.SL.TZ1.28: Which statement applies to HIV? A. HIV infects red blood cells resulting in decreased production...
C3.2.12. Infection of lymphocytes by HIV with AIDS as a consequence
-
20N.1A.SL.TZ0.27:
The graph shows the results of measuring two factors in the blood of patients with HIV/AIDS.
[Source: Courtesy ACRIA.]
What do X and Y represent?
- 19N.1A.SL.TZ0.22: How does HIV affect the immune system adversely? A. Progressive reduction in number of active...
- 21M.1A.SL.TZ2.26: Which cells are subject to attack by HIV? A. Lymphocytes B. Erythrocytes C. Platelets D....
- 19M.1A.SL.TZ1.28: Which statement applies to HIV? A. HIV infects red blood cells resulting in decreased production...
-
20N.1A.SL.TZ0.27:
The graph shows the results of measuring two factors in the blood of patients with HIV/AIDS.
[Source: Courtesy ACRIA.]
What do X and Y represent?
- 19N.1A.SL.TZ0.22: How does HIV affect the immune system adversely? A. Progressive reduction in number of active...
- 21M.1A.SL.TZ2.26: Which cells are subject to attack by HIV? A. Lymphocytes B. Erythrocytes C. Platelets D....
- 19M.1A.SL.TZ1.28: Which statement applies to HIV? A. HIV infects red blood cells resulting in decreased production...
C3.2.13. Antibiotics as chemicals that block processes occurring in bacteria but not in eukaryotic cells
- 19M.1A.SL.TZ2.27: What is the reason for antibiotics not damaging human cells? A. The dose is too small to be...
-
23M.2.HL.TZ1.3bii:
Explain the reasons for antibiotics secreted into soil not harming insects or other animals in the soil.
- 23M.1A.SL.TZ1.27: What is the effect of antibiotics on viruses? A. Antibiotics have no direct effect on...
- 19M.1A.SL.TZ2.27: What is the reason for antibiotics not damaging human cells? A. The dose is too small to be...
-
23M.2.HL.TZ1.3bii:
Explain the reasons for antibiotics secreted into soil not harming insects or other animals in the soil.
-
23M.2.HL.TZ1.ii:
Explain the reasons for antibiotics secreted into soil not harming insects or other animals in the soil.
- 23M.1A.SL.TZ1.27: What is the effect of antibiotics on viruses? A. Antibiotics have no direct effect on...
C3.2.14. Evolution of resistance to several antibiotics in strains of pathogenic bacteria
-
22M.2.SL.TZ1.7c:
Explain the development of antibiotic resistance in terms of natural selection.
-
21M.2.SL.TZ2.6c:
Describe the risk to the human population of indiscriminate use of antibiotics.
-
23M.2.HL.TZ1.3a:
Explain how natural selection could increase the prevalence of an antibiotic resistance gene in a species of soil bacterium.
-
23M.2.HL.TZ1.3bi:
There are viruses in soils that are pathogens of animals. Outline a reason for antibiotics in soil not eliminating these viruses.
-
22M.2.SL.TZ1.7c:
Explain the development of antibiotic resistance in terms of natural selection.
-
22M.2.SL.TZ1.c:
Explain the development of antibiotic resistance in terms of natural selection.
-
21M.2.SL.TZ2.6c:
Describe the risk to the human population of indiscriminate use of antibiotics.
-
21M.2.SL.TZ2.c:
Describe the risk to the human population of indiscriminate use of antibiotics.
-
23M.2.HL.TZ1.3a:
Explain how natural selection could increase the prevalence of an antibiotic resistance gene in a species of soil bacterium.
-
23M.2.HL.TZ1.3bi:
There are viruses in soils that are pathogens of animals. Outline a reason for antibiotics in soil not eliminating these viruses.
-
23M.2.HL.TZ1.a:
Explain how natural selection could increase the prevalence of an antibiotic resistance gene in a species of soil bacterium.
-
23M.2.HL.TZ1.i:
There are viruses in soils that are pathogens of animals. Outline a reason for antibiotics in soil not eliminating these viruses.
C3.2.15. Zoonoses as infectious diseases that can transfer from other species to humans
NoneC3.2.16. Vaccines and immunization
- 22N.1A.HL.TZ0.23: Some vaccinations, such as the smallpox vaccine, provide lifelong immunity against the disease....
- 23M.2.SL.TZ2.1ci: Using the graph, identify the percentage who had received the tuberculosis vaccine in 2012.
- 23M.2.SL.TZ2.1cii: Calculate the difference in time between 40 % of children receiving the hepatitis B vaccine and...
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1d:
Outline the conclusions that can be drawn from the graph showing data for PCV and S. pneumoniae.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1e:
Suggest reasons for the difference between the data for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1f:
Using the data in the violin plots, deduce the age range at which children are most likely to develop ARI due to S. pneumoniae.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1g:
Suggest reasons for the difference between the fraction attributed to S. pneumoniae in all cases of ARI and in cases where antibiotics were used to treat the infection.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1h:
When there is no vaccination, the estimated number of cases for lower-middle income countries is larger than in either low income or upper-middle income countries. Suggest one reason for this.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1i:
Using the data, predict the effect of universal PCV vaccination in LMICs.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1j:
Outline likely health benefits of universal PCV vaccination of children, other than reducing the incidence of ARI.
- 22N.1A.HL.TZ0.23: Some vaccinations, such as the smallpox vaccine, provide lifelong immunity against the disease....
- 23M.2.SL.TZ2.1ci: Using the graph, identify the percentage who had received the tuberculosis vaccine in 2012.
- 23M.2.SL.TZ2.1cii: Calculate the difference in time between 40 % of children receiving the hepatitis B vaccine and...
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1d:
Outline the conclusions that can be drawn from the graph showing data for PCV and S. pneumoniae.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1e:
Suggest reasons for the difference between the data for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1f:
Using the data in the violin plots, deduce the age range at which children are most likely to develop ARI due to S. pneumoniae.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1g:
Suggest reasons for the difference between the fraction attributed to S. pneumoniae in all cases of ARI and in cases where antibiotics were used to treat the infection.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1h:
When there is no vaccination, the estimated number of cases for lower-middle income countries is larger than in either low income or upper-middle income countries. Suggest one reason for this.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1i:
Using the data, predict the effect of universal PCV vaccination in LMICs.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.1j:
Outline likely health benefits of universal PCV vaccination of children, other than reducing the incidence of ARI.
- 23M.2.SL.TZ2.i: Using the graph, identify the percentage who had received the tuberculosis vaccine in 2012.
- 23M.2.SL.TZ2.ii: Calculate the difference in time between 40 % of children receiving the hepatitis B vaccine and...
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.d:
Outline the conclusions that can be drawn from the graph showing data for PCV and S. pneumoniae.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.e:
Suggest reasons for the difference between the data for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.f:
Using the data in the violin plots, deduce the age range at which children are most likely to develop ARI due to S. pneumoniae.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.g:
Suggest reasons for the difference between the fraction attributed to S. pneumoniae in all cases of ARI and in cases where antibiotics were used to treat the infection.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.h:
When there is no vaccination, the estimated number of cases for lower-middle income countries is larger than in either low income or upper-middle income countries. Suggest one reason for this.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.i:
Using the data, predict the effect of universal PCV vaccination in LMICs.
-
23M.2.SL.TZ2.j:
Outline likely health benefits of universal PCV vaccination of children, other than reducing the incidence of ARI.