D2.2.7. Epigenetic inheritance through heritable changes to gene expression

State one reason that identical twins may show different methylation patterns as they grow older.

State one reason that identical twins may show different methylation patterns as they grow older.

State one reason that identical twins may show different methylation patterns as they grow older.

The graph shows the effect of methylation on the expression of MT1E, a gene involved in the control of prostate cancer development. Patients with a reduced expression of this gene are more likely to develop prostate cancer.

_{[Source: © 2017 Demidenko et al. 2017. Decreased expression of MT1E is a potential biomarker of
prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget, 8, pp. 61709–61718. Distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC BY 3.0). Image redrawn and reannotated.]}

What are effects of MT1E methylation?

A.  It reduces transcription of MT1E, increasing the risk of prostate cancer.

B.  It increases translation of MT1E, reducing the risk of prostate cancer.

C.  It reduces replication of MT1E, reducing the risk of prostate cancer.

D.  It increases the chances of mutation in proto-oncogenes, increasing the risk of prostate cancer.

The graph shows the effect of methylation on the expression of MT1E, a gene involved in the control of prostate cancer development. Patients with a reduced expression of this gene are more likely to develop prostate cancer.

_{[Source: © 2017 Demidenko et al. 2017. Decreased expression of MT1E is a potential biomarker of
prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget, 8, pp. 61709–61718. Distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC BY 3.0). Image redrawn and reannotated.]}

What are effects of MT1E methylation?

A.  It reduces transcription of MT1E, increasing the risk of prostate cancer.

B.  It increases translation of MT1E, reducing the risk of prostate cancer.

C.  It reduces replication of MT1E, reducing the risk of prostate cancer.

D.  It increases the chances of mutation in proto-oncogenes, increasing the risk of prostate cancer.

The graph shows the effect of methylation on the expression of MT1E, a gene involved in the control of prostate cancer development. Patients with a reduced expression of this gene are more likely to develop prostate cancer.

_{[Source: © 2017 Demidenko et al. 2017. Decreased expression of MT1E is a potential biomarker of
prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget, 8, pp. 61709–61718. Distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC BY 3.0). Image redrawn and reannotated.]}

What are effects of MT1E methylation?

A.  It reduces transcription of MT1E, increasing the risk of prostate cancer.

B.  It increases translation of MT1E, reducing the risk of prostate cancer.

C.  It reduces replication of MT1E, reducing the risk of prostate cancer.

D.  It increases the chances of mutation in proto-oncogenes, increasing the risk of prostate cancer.

The graph shows the effect of methylation on the expression of MT1E, a gene involved in the control of prostate cancer development. Patients with a reduced expression of this gene are more likely to develop prostate cancer.

_{[Source: © 2017 Demidenko et al. 2017. Decreased expression of MT1E is a potential biomarker of
prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget, 8, pp. 61709–61718. Distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC BY 3.0). Image redrawn and reannotated.]}

What are effects of MT1E methylation?

A.  It reduces transcription of MT1E, increasing the risk of prostate cancer.

B.  It increases translation of MT1E, reducing the risk of prostate cancer.

C.  It reduces replication of MT1E, reducing the risk of prostate cancer.

D.  It increases the chances of mutation in proto-oncogenes, increasing the risk of prostate cancer.

DNA methylation profiles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) gametes were determined. The methylated areas were divided into three groups according to the amount of methylation: high, medium and low methylation.

^{[Source: Potok, M.E., Nix, D.A., Parnell, T.J. and Cairns, B.R., 2013.
Reprogramming the Maternal Zebrafish Genome afterFertilization to
Match the Paternal Methylation Pattern.
Cell, [e-journal] 153(4), pp. 759–772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.
cell.2013.04.030.]}

Methylation of DNA in sperm and egg is removed immediately after fertilization. What is the reason for this?

A.  Methylation allows RNA polymerase to join the promoter.

B.  It is needed to form homologous pairs of chromosomes.

C.  It allows expression of genes linked to early development.

D.  Transcription of promoters only occurs in methylated genes.

DNA methylation profiles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) gametes were determined. The methylated areas were divided into three groups according to the amount of methylation: high, medium and low methylation.

^{[Source: Potok, M.E., Nix, D.A., Parnell, T.J. and Cairns, B.R., 2013.
Reprogramming the Maternal Zebrafish Genome afterFertilization to
Match the Paternal Methylation Pattern.
Cell, [e-journal] 153(4), pp. 759–772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.
cell.2013.04.030.]}

Methylation of DNA in sperm and egg is removed immediately after fertilization. What is the reason for this?

A.  Methylation allows RNA polymerase to join the promoter.

B.  It is needed to form homologous pairs of chromosomes.

C.  It allows expression of genes linked to early development.

D.  Transcription of promoters only occurs in methylated genes.