Directly related questions
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20N.3.sl.TZ0.11a:
Deduce the structural formula of the by-product of this reaction.
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20N.3.sl.TZ0.11a:
Deduce the structural formula of the by-product of this reaction.
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20N.3.sl.TZ0.a:
Deduce the structural formula of the by-product of this reaction.
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20N.3.sl.TZ0.11c:
The solubility of aspirin is increased by converting it to an ionic form. Draw the structure of the ionic form of aspirin.
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20N.3.sl.TZ0.11c:
The solubility of aspirin is increased by converting it to an ionic form. Draw the structure of the ionic form of aspirin.
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20N.3.sl.TZ0.c:
The solubility of aspirin is increased by converting it to an ionic form. Draw the structure of the ionic form of aspirin.
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20N.3.hl.TZ0.15c:
The solubility of aspirin is increased by converting it to an ionic form. Draw the structure of the ionic form of aspirin.
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20N.3.hl.TZ0.15c:
The solubility of aspirin is increased by converting it to an ionic form. Draw the structure of the ionic form of aspirin.
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20N.3.hl.TZ0.c:
The solubility of aspirin is increased by converting it to an ionic form. Draw the structure of the ionic form of aspirin.
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20N.3.hl.TZ0.15a:
Deduce the structural formula of the by-product of this reaction.
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20N.3.hl.TZ0.15a:
Deduce the structural formula of the by-product of this reaction.
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20N.3.hl.TZ0.a:
Deduce the structural formula of the by-product of this reaction.
- 17N.3.sl.TZ0.21: Molecules of antibiotics often contain a beta-lactam ring. Explain the importance of the...
- 17N.3.sl.TZ0.21: Molecules of antibiotics often contain a beta-lactam ring. Explain the importance of the...
- 17N.3.hl.TZ0.22b: Describe how mild analgesics function.
- 17N.3.hl.TZ0.22b: Describe how mild analgesics function.
- 17N.3.hl.TZ0.b: Describe how mild analgesics function.
- 17N.3.sl.TZ0.17a: Aspirin is a mild analgesic derived from salicylic acid found in willow bark. Describe how mild...
- 17N.3.sl.TZ0.17a: Aspirin is a mild analgesic derived from salicylic acid found in willow bark. Describe how mild...
- 17N.3.sl.TZ0.a: Aspirin is a mild analgesic derived from salicylic acid found in willow bark. Describe how mild...
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.13c.i:
Compare and contrast the IR spectrum of aspirin with that of salicylic acid, using section 26 of the data booklet.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.13c.i:
Compare and contrast the IR spectrum of aspirin with that of salicylic acid, using section 26 of the data booklet.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.c.i:
Compare and contrast the IR spectrum of aspirin with that of salicylic acid, using section 26 of the data booklet.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.13c.ii:
Describe how penicillin combats bacterial infections.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.13c.ii:
Describe how penicillin combats bacterial infections.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.c.ii:
Describe how penicillin combats bacterial infections.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.16b:
State the type of reaction used to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.b:
State the type of reaction used to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.16b:
State the type of reaction used to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.16a.i:
Describe how penicillin combats bacterial infections.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.16a.i:
Describe how penicillin combats bacterial infections.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.a.i:
Describe how penicillin combats bacterial infections.
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.12e: Suggest why human cells are not affected by penicillin.
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.12e: Suggest why human cells are not affected by penicillin.
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.e: Suggest why human cells are not affected by penicillin.
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.12b: Explain how the open β-lactam ring kills bacteria.
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.12b: Explain how the open β-lactam ring kills bacteria.
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.b: Explain how the open β-lactam ring kills bacteria.
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.16a: State the internal bond angles in the b-lactam ring and the expected bond angles in sp2 and sp3...
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.16a: State the internal bond angles in the b-lactam ring and the expected bond angles in sp2 and sp3...
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.a: State the internal bond angles in the b-lactam ring and the expected bond angles in sp2 and sp3...
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.16d: Suggest why human cells are not affected by penicillin.
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.16d: Suggest why human cells are not affected by penicillin.
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.d: Suggest why human cells are not affected by penicillin.
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.19a:
Unreacted salicylic acid may be present as an impurity in aspirin and can be detected in the infrared (IR) spectrum.
Name the functional group and identify the absorption band that diff erentiates salicylic acid from aspirin. Use section 26 of the data booklet.
Name:
Absorption band:
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.19a:
Unreacted salicylic acid may be present as an impurity in aspirin and can be detected in the infrared (IR) spectrum.
Name the functional group and identify the absorption band that diff erentiates salicylic acid from aspirin. Use section 26 of the data booklet.
Name:
Absorption band:
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.a:
Unreacted salicylic acid may be present as an impurity in aspirin and can be detected in the infrared (IR) spectrum.
Name the functional group and identify the absorption band that diff erentiates salicylic acid from aspirin. Use section 26 of the data booklet.
Name:
Absorption band:
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19M.3.hl.TZ2.22b(ii):
Determine the percentage purity of the synthesized aspirin.
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19M.3.hl.TZ2.22b(ii):
Determine the percentage purity of the synthesized aspirin.
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19M.3.hl.TZ2.b(ii):
Determine the percentage purity of the synthesized aspirin.
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.20a:
Identify the feature in penicillin responsible for its antibiotic activity.
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.20a:
Identify the feature in penicillin responsible for its antibiotic activity.
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.a:
Identify the feature in penicillin responsible for its antibiotic activity.
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.20b(i):
The widespread use of penicillin and its derivatives has led to the appearance of resistant S. aureus strains.
Outline how these bacteria inactivate the antibiotics.
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.20b(i):
The widespread use of penicillin and its derivatives has led to the appearance of resistant S. aureus strains.
Outline how these bacteria inactivate the antibiotics.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ1.b(i):
The widespread use of penicillin and its derivatives has led to the appearance of resistant S. aureus strains.
Outline how these bacteria inactivate the antibiotics.
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19M.3.hl.TZ2.22b(i):
Determine the mass of aspirin which reacted with 16.25 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm−3 NaOH solution.
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19M.3.hl.TZ2.22b(i):
Determine the mass of aspirin which reacted with 16.25 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm−3 NaOH solution.
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19M.3.hl.TZ2.b(i):
Determine the mass of aspirin which reacted with 16.25 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm−3 NaOH solution.
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19M.3.sl.TZ1.14:
Aspirin can be obtained from salicylic acid.
Unreacted salicylic acid may be present as an impurity in aspirin and can be detected in the infrared (IR) spectrum.
Name the functional group and identify the absorption band that differentiates salicylic acid from aspirin. Use section 26 of the data booklet.
Name:
Absorption band:
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19M.3.sl.TZ1.14:
Aspirin can be obtained from salicylic acid.
Unreacted salicylic acid may be present as an impurity in aspirin and can be detected in the infrared (IR) spectrum.
Name the functional group and identify the absorption band that differentiates salicylic acid from aspirin. Use section 26 of the data booklet.
Name:
Absorption band:
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19M.3.sl.TZ1.15b(ii):
Outline how the structure of penicillin has been modified to overcome this resistance.
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19M.3.sl.TZ1.15b(ii):
Outline how the structure of penicillin has been modified to overcome this resistance.
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19M.3.sl.TZ1.b(ii):
Outline how the structure of penicillin has been modified to overcome this resistance.
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.15d:
State why aspirin should not be taken with alcohol.
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.15d:
State why aspirin should not be taken with alcohol.
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.d:
State why aspirin should not be taken with alcohol.
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.15c:
Outline how aspirin can be chemically modified to increase its solubility in water.
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.15c:
Outline how aspirin can be chemically modified to increase its solubility in water.
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.c:
Outline how aspirin can be chemically modified to increase its solubility in water.
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.15b(ii):
Determine the percentage purity of the synthesized aspirin.
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.15b(ii):
Determine the percentage purity of the synthesized aspirin.
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.b(ii):
Determine the percentage purity of the synthesized aspirin.
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19N.3.sl.TZ0.17b:
Aspirin, C6H4(OCOCH3)COOH, is only slightly soluble in water.
Outline, including an equation, how aspirin can be made more water-soluble. Use section 37 in the data booklet.
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19N.3.sl.TZ0.17b:
Aspirin, C6H4(OCOCH3)COOH, is only slightly soluble in water.
Outline, including an equation, how aspirin can be made more water-soluble. Use section 37 in the data booklet.
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19N.3.sl.TZ0.b:
Aspirin, C6H4(OCOCH3)COOH, is only slightly soluble in water.
Outline, including an equation, how aspirin can be made more water-soluble. Use section 37 in the data booklet.
- 19N.3.sl.TZ0.18c: The discovery of penicillins contributed to the development of antibiotics. Explain how the...
- 19N.3.sl.TZ0.18c: The discovery of penicillins contributed to the development of antibiotics. Explain how the...
- 19N.3.sl.TZ0.c: The discovery of penicillins contributed to the development of antibiotics. Explain how the...
- 19N.3.hl.TZ0.25a: Explain how the beta-lactam ring is responsible for the antibiotic properties of penicillin....
- 19N.3.hl.TZ0.25a: Explain how the beta-lactam ring is responsible for the antibiotic properties of penicillin....
- 19N.3.hl.TZ0.a: Explain how the beta-lactam ring is responsible for the antibiotic properties of penicillin....
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.13a:
Aspirin is often taken to reduce pain, swelling or fever. State one other use of aspirin.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.13a:
Aspirin is often taken to reduce pain, swelling or fever. State one other use of aspirin.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.a:
Aspirin is often taken to reduce pain, swelling or fever. State one other use of aspirin.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.13b.ii:
Outline how the bioavailability of aspirin may be increased.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.13b.ii:
Outline how the bioavailability of aspirin may be increased.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.b.ii:
Outline how the bioavailability of aspirin may be increased.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.13c.iv:
State how penicillins may be modified to increase their effectiveness.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.13c.iv:
State how penicillins may be modified to increase their effectiveness.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.c.iv:
State how penicillins may be modified to increase their effectiveness.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.16a.ii:
State how penicillins may be modified to increase their effectiveness.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.a.ii:
State how penicillins may be modified to increase their effectiveness.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.16a.ii:
State how penicillins may be modified to increase their effectiveness.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.16c:
Explain why aspirin is not stored in a hot, humid location.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.c:
Explain why aspirin is not stored in a hot, humid location.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.16c:
Explain why aspirin is not stored in a hot, humid location.
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.12a: State the internal bond angles in the β-lactam ring and the expected bond angles for the same...
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.12a: State the internal bond angles in the β-lactam ring and the expected bond angles for the same...
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.a: State the internal bond angles in the β-lactam ring and the expected bond angles for the same...
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.12d: State how the structure of penicillin can be changed to combat this effect.
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.12d: State how the structure of penicillin can be changed to combat this effect.
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.d: State how the structure of penicillin can be changed to combat this effect.
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.16b: Explain how the open β-lactam ring kills bacteria.
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.16b: Explain how the open β-lactam ring kills bacteria.
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.b: Explain how the open β-lactam ring kills bacteria.
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.16c: State how the structure of penicillin can be modified to combat the effect of resistance caused...
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.16c: State how the structure of penicillin can be modified to combat the effect of resistance caused...
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.c: State how the structure of penicillin can be modified to combat the effect of resistance caused...
-
19M.3.hl.TZ1.20b(ii):
Outline how the structure of penicillin has been modified to overcome this resistance.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ1.20b(ii):
Outline how the structure of penicillin has been modified to overcome this resistance.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ1.b(ii):
Outline how the structure of penicillin has been modified to overcome this resistance.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.22a:
Predict one absorption band present in an infrared (IR) spectrum of aspirin, using section 26 of the data booklet.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.22a:
Predict one absorption band present in an infrared (IR) spectrum of aspirin, using section 26 of the data booklet.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.a:
Predict one absorption band present in an infrared (IR) spectrum of aspirin, using section 26 of the data booklet.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.22c:
Outline how aspirin can be chemically modified to increase its solubility in water.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.22c:
Outline how aspirin can be chemically modified to increase its solubility in water.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.c:
Outline how aspirin can be chemically modified to increase its solubility in water.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.22d:
State why aspirin should not be taken with alcohol.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.22d:
State why aspirin should not be taken with alcohol.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.d:
State why aspirin should not be taken with alcohol.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ1.15a:
Identify the feature in penicillin responsible for its antibiotic activity.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ1.15a:
Identify the feature in penicillin responsible for its antibiotic activity.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ1.a:
Identify the feature in penicillin responsible for its antibiotic activity.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ1.15b(i):
The widespread use of penicillin and its derivatives has led to the appearance of resistant S. aureus strains.
Outline how these bacteria inactivate the antibiotics.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ1.15b(i):
The widespread use of penicillin and its derivatives has led to the appearance of resistant S. aureus strains.
Outline how these bacteria inactivate the antibiotics.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ1.b(i):
The widespread use of penicillin and its derivatives has led to the appearance of resistant S. aureus strains.
Outline how these bacteria inactivate the antibiotics.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ2.15a:
Predict one absorption band present in an infrared (IR) spectrum of aspirin, using section 26 of the data booklet.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ2.15a:
Predict one absorption band present in an infrared (IR) spectrum of aspirin, using section 26 of the data booklet.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ2.a:
Predict one absorption band present in an infrared (IR) spectrum of aspirin, using section 26 of the data booklet.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ2.15b(i):
Determine the mass of aspirin which reacted with 16.25 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm−3 NaOH solution.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ2.15b(i):
Determine the mass of aspirin which reacted with 16.25 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm−3 NaOH solution.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ2.b(i):
Determine the mass of aspirin which reacted with 16.25 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm−3 NaOH solution.
- 19N.3.sl.TZ0.17a: Suggest one reactant used to prepare aspirin from salicylic acid.
- 19N.3.sl.TZ0.17a: Suggest one reactant used to prepare aspirin from salicylic acid.
- 19N.3.sl.TZ0.a: Suggest one reactant used to prepare aspirin from salicylic acid.
- 20N.3.sl.TZ0.11b: Aspirin crystals are rinsed with water after recrystallization to remove impurities.Suggest why...
- 20N.3.sl.TZ0.11b: Aspirin crystals are rinsed with water after recrystallization to remove impurities.Suggest why...
- 20N.3.sl.TZ0.b: Aspirin crystals are rinsed with water after recrystallization to remove impurities.Suggest why...
- 20N.3.sl.TZ0.14b(i): Circle the side-chain in penicillin on the structure below.
- 20N.3.sl.TZ0.14b(i): Circle the side-chain in penicillin on the structure below.
- 20N.3.sl.TZ0.b(i): Circle the side-chain in penicillin on the structure below.
-
20N.3.sl.TZ0.14b(ii):
Explain, with reference to the action of penicillin, why new penicillins with different side-chains need to be produced.
-
20N.3.sl.TZ0.14b(ii):
Explain, with reference to the action of penicillin, why new penicillins with different side-chains need to be produced.
-
20N.3.sl.TZ0.b(ii):
Explain, with reference to the action of penicillin, why new penicillins with different side-chains need to be produced.
- 20N.3.hl.TZ0.15b: Aspirin crystals are rinsed with water after recrystallization to remove impurities.Suggest why...
- 20N.3.hl.TZ0.15b: Aspirin crystals are rinsed with water after recrystallization to remove impurities.Suggest why...
- 20N.3.hl.TZ0.b: Aspirin crystals are rinsed with water after recrystallization to remove impurities.Suggest why...
-
20N.3.hl.TZ0.15e:
Explain how IR spectroscopy can be used to distinguish aspirin from salicylic acid.
-
20N.3.hl.TZ0.15e:
Explain how IR spectroscopy can be used to distinguish aspirin from salicylic acid.
-
20N.3.hl.TZ0.e:
Explain how IR spectroscopy can be used to distinguish aspirin from salicylic acid.
- 20N.3.hl.TZ0.19b(i): Circle the side-chain in penicillin on the structure below.
- 20N.3.hl.TZ0.19b(i): Circle the side-chain in penicillin on the structure below.
- 20N.3.hl.TZ0.b(i): Circle the side-chain in penicillin on the structure below.
-
20N.3.hl.TZ0.19b(ii):
Explain, with reference to the action of penicillin, why new penicillins with different side-chains need to be produced.
-
20N.3.hl.TZ0.19b(ii):
Explain, with reference to the action of penicillin, why new penicillins with different side-chains need to be produced.
-
20N.3.hl.TZ0.b(ii):
Explain, with reference to the action of penicillin, why new penicillins with different side-chains need to be produced.